Question 1

The ligamentum arteriosum is the remnant of the fetal

Accepted Answer

The ligamentum arteriosum is a fibrous band that connects the pulmonary trunk to the aorta and is the remnant of the fetal ductus arteriosus, a blood vessel that shunted blood from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta, bypassing the non-functional fetal lungs.

Question 2

The fetal structure that conducts blood from the right to left atrium is the

Accepted Answer

The structure that conducts blood from the right to left atrium is the foramen ovale. It is a temporary opening in the wall between the atria of the fetal heart, which allows oxygenated blood from the placenta to bypass the lungs and go directly to the body. After birth, the foramen ovale usually closes up and forms the fossa ovalis.

Question 3

Describe the systemic circuit.

Accepted Answer

The systemic circuit is responsible for transporting oxygenated blood from the left ventricle through the body and returning deoxygenated blood to the right atrium, making option C the correct description.

Question 4

The most common congenital heart defect is

Accepted Answer

Ventricular septal defect is the most common congenital heart defect, accounting for approximately 30% of all cases. It is a hole in the muscular wall (septum) that separates the lower chambers (ventricles) of the heart.

Question 5

All of the following ultimately arise from the external iliac artery except the

Accepted Answer

The obturator artery typically arises from the internal iliac artery, not the external iliac artery. The other arteries listed (deep femoral, popliteal, anterior tibial, and femoral arteries) all ultimately originate from the external iliac artery as it continues into the leg and becomes the femoral artery.

Question 6

The foramen ovale in the fetal heart is located

Accepted Answer

The foramen ovale is a hole in the interatrial septum (the wall between the two atria) that allows blood to flow from the right atrium to the left atrium in the fetal heart. Therefore, it is located between the right atrium and left atrium.

Question 7

What is the order in which fetal blood would pass through the following structures after leaving the heart? 
1.pulmonary trunk
2)foramen ovale
3)umbilical arteries
4)umbilical vein
5)ductus venosus
6)right atrium

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the order in which fetal...

Question 8

A "blue baby" is often associated with what congenital heart defect?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A "blue baby" is often associated with...

Question 9

The foramen ovale in the fetal heart is located in the

Accepted Answer

The foramen ovale is a small opening between the right and left atria in the fetal heart, which allows oxygenated blood from the placenta to bypass the non-functioning fetal lungs. It is located in the interatrial septum, which is the wall that separates the two atria. Therefore, the best choice is E – interatrial septum.

Question 10

The ________ vein is formed by the fusion of the greater saphenous vein,femoral vein,and deep femoral vein.

Accepted Answer

The external iliac vein is formed by the union of the femoral vein and the deep femoral vein, which then continues as the common iliac vein after receiving the greater saphenous vein.

Question 11

Arteries that directly supply the plantar portion of the foot branch from the posterior ________ artery.

Accepted Answer

The posterior tibial artery directly supplies the plantar portion of the foot through its plantar branches. The fibular artery supplies the lateral compartment of the leg and foot. The popliteal artery is located in the popliteal fossa behind the knee and gives rise to the lower leg arteries. The iliac and femoral arteries are located in the thigh and pelvis and do not directly supply the plantar aspect of the foot.

Question 12

Describe the pulmonary circuit.

Accepted Answer

The pulmonary circuit is responsible for transporting blood from the right ventricle of the heart, through the pulmonary arteries into the capillaries of the lungs, where gas exchange occurs. Oxygen is taken up by the blood while carbon dioxide is eliminated, and the now oxygen-rich blood flows back to the heart through the pulmonary veins, and into the left atrium. From there, it enters the left ventricle and is pumped out into the systemic circulation.

Question 13

The umbilical arteries branch from the

Accepted Answer

The umbilical arteries are branches of the internal iliac arteries. They carry deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta during pregnancy.

Question 14

Describe a capillary.

Accepted Answer

A capillary is a small blood vessel with a thin wall that allows for exchange of substances between blood and interstitial fluid through diffusion. Therefore, choice D is the best description of a capillary. Choices A, B, and E describe larger blood vessels with thicker walls and layers of elastic fibers or smooth muscle cells, which do not accurately describe capillaries. Choice C describes a thin-walled vessel with all layers present, but does not specify the size or function of the vessel, and could apply to other types of blood vessels besides capillaries.

Question 15

The most inferior of the following blood vessels is the

Accepted Answer

The dorsalis pedis artery is the most inferior of the listed blood vessels. It is located on the dorsal surface of the foot, and is palpable on the top of the foot between the first and second metatarsal bones. The other arteries listed are all located in the leg and are therefore more superior to the dorsalis pedis artery.

Question 16

Distinguish among efferent vessels,afferent vessels,and exchange vessels.

Accepted Answer

Efferent vessels carry blood away from the heart, afferent vessels carry blood to the heart, and exchange vessels exchange nutrients, dissolved gases, and wastes between the blood and interstitial fluid.

Question 17

The congenital heart defect most often associated with Down syndrome is

Accepted Answer

Atrioventricular septal defect is the most commonly associated congenital heart defect with Down syndrome, occurring in approximately 40-50% of individuals with Down syndrome. The other options are also possible heart defects that individuals with Down syndrome may have, but they are not as commonly associated as AVSD.

Question 18

The ductus venosus delivers blood to the

Accepted Answer

The ductus venosus is a fetal blood vessel that connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava, bypassing the liver. Therefore, it delivers oxygenated blood from the placenta to the inferior vena cava, which then flows to the right atrium of the heart.

Question 19

Which chamber of the heart receives blood from the systemic circuit?

Accepted Answer

The systemic circuit refers to the vessels that transport oxygenated blood from the heart to the body's tissues and then bring deoxygenated blood back to the heart. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the systemic circuit via the superior and inferior vena cava.

Question 20

List the five general classes of blood vessels.

Accepted Answer

The five general classes of blood vessels are arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins. Choice E is the only option that lists these five types of blood vessels. Choice A includes lymphatic capillaries and lacteals, which are not part of the circulatory system; choice B includes portal veins, which are specialized veins that carry blood from one organ to another; choice C lists lymphatic capillaries before blood capillaries, which is not accurate; and choice D lists specific arteries and veins that are part of the systemic and pulmonary circulations, but does not provide a comprehensive list of all types of blood vessels.

Quiz 19: Blood Vessels and Circulation