Question 1

The epicardium is another name for the

Accepted Answer

The epicardium is the outer layer of the heart wall, which is also called the visceral layer of the serous pericardium.

Question 2

Which pair is located more anteriorly in a heart in normal position?

Accepted Answer

The right atrium and right ventricle are located more anteriorly in the heart when it is in a normal position. This is because the heart is positioned in such a way that the right side is more towards the front (anterior) of the body, while the left side (including the left atrium and left ventricle) is more posterior or towards the back.

Question 3

The left atrium and left ventricle are part of which circuit of the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

The left atrium and left ventricle are part of the systemic circuit, which pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. The pulmonary circuit pumps deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation. Therefore, choice A (pulmonary circuit) is incorrect.

Question 4

Which circuit of the cardiovascular system is responsible for sending blood to the kidneys,stomach,and pelvic regions?

Accepted Answer

The systemic circuit is responsible for sending oxygenated blood from the heart to all parts of the body, including the kidneys, stomach, and pelvic regions. The pulmonary circuit, on the other hand, sends deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation. The coronary circuit supplies the heart muscle with blood.

Question 5

Cardiac muscle fibers

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle fibers are electrically connected by gap junctions and thus contract as a single unit, allowing for coordinated and efficient contraction of the heart. They are also highly vascularized and have a high demand for oxygen, which is supplied by the coronary arteries. They do not utilize hemoglobin as an energy source.

Question 6

The base of the heart is formed primarily by the

Accepted Answer

The base of the heart is formed primarily by the left atrium, which is the chamber that receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it into the left ventricle. The right atrium and ventricle contribute to the formation of the heart's lower, more tapered apex.

Question 7

Which can be used to characterize blood flow in the human body?
A: There is a unidirectional blood flow.
B: Arteries always carry oxygenated blood.
C: Veins always carry deoxygenated blood.
D: Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
E: Veins carry blood toward the heart.

Accepted Answer

A unidirectional blood flow is a fundamental characteristic of the circulatory system, ensuring that blood circulates through the body in a specific direction. Arteries carry blood away from the heart, and veins carry blood toward the heart. However, the statements that arteries always carry oxygenated blood and veins always carry deoxygenated blood are not universally true. For example, the pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs, and the pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart.

Question 8

Which values are reasonable for a healthy,80 kilogram resting adult?

Accepted Answer

A healthy adult heart pumps about 5 to 6 liters of blood per minute at rest, and the average heart rate is about 60 to 100 beats per minute. Over a day, this translates to about 86,400 to 144,000 beats per day. Option A's values of 5.25 liters per minute and 108,000 beats per day fall within these normal ranges.

Question 9

Which heart chambers pump deoxygenated blood?

Accepted Answer

The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it to the right ventricle, which then pumps it to the lungs for oxygenation.

Question 10

The cell-to-cell contacts of the cardiac muscle fibers are called

Accepted Answer

The intercalated discs are specialized cell-to-cell contacts found in cardiac muscle fibers that allow for coordinated contraction of the heart. They contain desmosomes, which provide mechanical stability, and gap junctions, which allow for electrical and metabolic coupling between adjacent cells. Z discs and T-tubules are structures found in skeletal muscle, while sarcoplasmic reticulum is an organelle involved in calcium storage and release in both skeletal and cardiac muscle. "Cardiac discs" is not a term used in muscle anatomy.

Question 11

The serous fluid within the pericardial cavity works to

Accepted Answer

The serous fluid within the pericardial cavity lubricates the membranes of the serous pericardium, reducing friction between the heart and surrounding structures during contractions. It does not have any effect on heart rate, pressure in the great vessels, or blood pressure spikes.

Question 12

Which analogy fits the human heart?

Accepted Answer

The human heart functions as a double pump, with the right side pumping deoxygenated blood to the lungs and the left side pumping oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. Each side works side by side with the other, making choice B the correct analogy.

Question 13

Which describes the endocardium? 
A: Has single layer of epithelium
B: Has layer of areolar connective tissue
C: Epithelial cells are squamous
D: Epithelial cells are cuboidal
E: Has layer of adipose connective tissue
F: Has patches of myocardium

Accepted Answer

The endocardium is the innermost layer of the heart, consisting of a single layer of squamous epithelial cells (endothelium) over a layer of areolar connective tissue, accurately described in choices A, B, and C.

Question 14

The layer of the heart wall composed of cardiac muscle tissue is the

Accepted Answer

The layer of the heart wall composed of cardiac muscle tissue is the myocardium. The pericardium is the outermost layer that surrounds and protects the heart. The endocardium is the innermost layer that lines the chambers of the heart and covers the heart valves. The pericardial cavity is a fluid-filled space between the layers of the pericardium. The pectinate muscle is a muscular ridge in the right atrium of the heart.

Question 15

Which of the cardiovascular system's circuits has deoxygenated blood in its arteries?

Accepted Answer

The pulmonary circuit carries blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart. Deoxygenated blood is pumped from the right ventricle of the heart to the pulmonary arteries, which carry it to the lungs to become oxygenated. So, the arteries in the pulmonary circuit carry deoxygenated blood.

Question 16

The inferior chambers of the heart are the

Accepted Answer

The inferior chambers of the heart are the ventricles, which are responsible for pumping blood to the rest of the body. The atria are the upper chambers of the heart, while auricles are small ear-like projections on the atria. Sulci are grooves on the surface of the heart, and gyri are folds in the brain.

Question 17

The arteries and veins that leave and enter the heart are called the great vessels because

Accepted Answer

The great vessels are called so because they have relatively large diameters.

Question 18

Which correctly describes the heart's apex?

Accepted Answer

The apex of the heart points downward, forward, and to the left, making it anteroinferior and towards the left side of the body.

Question 19

It is the _____________ that permits the compression necessary to pump large volumes of blood out of the ventricles.

Accepted Answer

The arrangement of cardiac muscle in the heart wall allows for the compression necessary to pump large volumes of blood out of the ventricles. The heart muscle fibers are arranged in spiraling bundles that contract in a coordinated fashion, creating a twisting and squeezing motion that propels blood out of the heart.

Question 20

Which are differences between cardiac muscle tissue and skeletal muscle tissue? 
A: The sarcoplasmic reticulum in cardiac muscle is less extensive.
B: The sarcoplasmic reticulum in cardiac muscle is more organized.
C: Cardiac muscle has intercalated discs; skeletal muscle does not.
D: Cardiac muscle has 1 or 2 nuclei per cell; skeletal muscle has multiple nuclei per cell.
E: Cardiac muscle has more well defined terminal cisternae.

Accepted Answer

A: The sarcoplasmic reticulum in cardiac muscle is less extensive, C: Cardiac muscle has intercalated discs; skeletal muscle does not, and D: Cardiac muscle has 1 or 2 nuclei per cell; skeletal muscle has multiple nuclei per cell are correct differences between cardiac and skeletal muscle tissue.

Quiz 22: Heart