Question 1

Sometimes people experience sensations of falling _____, a phenomenon termed _____.

Accepted Answer

Sensations of falling while falling asleep are experienced during the hypnic jerk. This happens when the body suddenly jerks and wakes up in response to the feeling of falling or losing balance. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they refer to other phenomena that are not related to sensations of falling while falling asleep.

Question 2

A criticism of Freud's interpretations of Freudian slips is that:

Accepted Answer

The answer of A criticism of Freud's interpretations of Freudian...

Question 3

Jeremy has no clue he has unconscious hostile urges to act aggressively against his boss. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Jeremy's lack of awareness of his hostile urges towards his boss suggests that it has been repressed from his conscious mind. Repression is one of the defense mechanisms proposed by Freud to protect the conscious mind from unacceptable or unpleasant impulses.

Question 4

When the phrase "enemy loses" was presented subliminally to participants, these people:

Accepted Answer

When presented with the subliminal phrase "enemy loses," participants began to think of negative things. This suggests that the phrase activated negative associations or thoughts in their minds.

Question 5

Dreaming is considered:

Accepted Answer

Dreaming is an altered state of consciousness because during this state, the brain waves and physiological responses of the body differ from those during the waking state. However, the brain is still active during dreaming, and the person is aware of their surroundings to some extent.

Question 6

A key difference between the dynamic unconscious and the cognitive unconscious is that:

Accepted Answer

The dynamic unconscious emphasizes animal urges and repressed thoughts, while the cognitive unconscious does not focus on these concepts. Additionally, the cognitive unconscious involves mental processes that operate outside of conscious awareness, but are not driven by unconscious impulses and desires like repression.

Question 7

A form of experience that departs significantly from the normal subjective experience of the world and the mind is called:

Accepted Answer

An altered state of consciousness refers to a change in one's normal subjective experience of the world or the mind, often induced by medications, meditation, hypnosis, or other practices. It can include experiences such as hallucinations, lucid dreaming, or perceived time distortion. The other options are not necessarily associated with a departure from normal subjective experience in the same way as altered states of consciousness.

Question 8

Disapproving of her friend Amy's fiancé, Mindy told her boyfriend that she dreaded going to Amy's funeral when she meant to say "Amy's wedding." This speech error is an example of:

Accepted Answer

This speech error is an example of a Freudian slip, where unconscious thoughts or desires are revealed through unintentional slips of the tongue. In this case, Mindy's disapproval of Amy's fiancé may have been lingering in her unconscious mind and accidentally slipped out in the form of "funeral" instead of "wedding".

Question 9

Freud described _____ as a mental process that removes unacceptable thoughts and memories from consciousness.

Accepted Answer

Freud described repression as a defense mechanism in which unacceptable thoughts and memories are pushed into the unconscious to avoid anxiety and emotional pain. Thought suppression is a conscious effort to push away unwanted thoughts, speech errors are usually considered as unintentional mistakes in communication, and the dynamic unconscious refers to the constantly changing contents of the unconscious.

Question 10

Participants in a research study are told that they must try not to think about a clown riding a unicycle. According to the theory of ironic processes of mental control:

Accepted Answer

According to the theory of ironic processes of mental control, when individuals are told not to think about a particular thought or idea, part of their minds will actively search for it. Therefore, in this scenario, when participants are told not to think about a clown riding a unicycle, part of their minds will actively search for this image.

Question 11

Freud described the _____ as an active system encompassing a lifetime of hidden memories, a person's deepest instincts and desires, and that person's inner struggle to control these forces.

Accepted Answer

While all of these terms are concepts in Freud's theory of personality, the best choice to describe the system that encompasses hidden memories, instincts, desires, and inner struggle is the dynamic unconscious. The subconscious refers to thoughts and feelings that are not currently in conscious awareness, while the superego and ego are more specifically defined components of the psyche.

Question 12

The _____ includes all the mental processes that are not experienced by a person but that give rise to the person's thoughts, choices, emotions, and behaviors.

Accepted Answer

The cognitive unconscious includes mental processes that occur without a person being aware of them, but still influence their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. It is different from the Freudian unconscious or dynamic unconscious, which refers specifically to repressed or hidden desires and conflicts. The term "repressed conscious" is not a commonly used term in psychology.

Question 13

A circadian rhythm is a naturally occurring _____ cycle.

Accepted Answer

A circadian rhythm is a naturally occurring 24-hour cycle that is present in most living organisms, including humans. It regulates bodily functions such as sleep-wake cycles, hormone secretion, and metabolism.

Question 14

The cognitive unconscious can best be described as a:

Accepted Answer

The cognitive unconscious is not a warehouse of repressed thoughts or memories, nor is it a repository of collective experiences or a mediator between animal urges and societal norms. Rather, it is a factory that processes and builds the products of conscious thought, such as decisions and perceptions.

Question 15

People who had to choose which of three hypothetical candidates would make the best roommate made the best decision when:

Accepted Answer

Giving people time to unconsciously deliberate on potential roommates while they are actively engaged in an unrelated problem-solving task allows their subconscious to process information and thoughts without conscious interference or bias. This can lead to a better decision as the subconscious is able to weigh in on the decision-making process.

Question 16

The hypnagogic state of consciousness occurs:

Accepted Answer

The hypnagogic state of consciousness occurs as we begin to fall asleep. This is a transitional state between wakefulness and sleep, where we may experience vivid sensory experiences, such as visual or auditory hallucinations, sensations of floating or falling, or sudden muscle jerks.

Question 17

In 1957, a marketer James Vicary claimed that he flashed the phrases "Eat Popcorn" and "Drink Coke" briefly on-screen during movies. Which statement regarding this event is true?

Accepted Answer

Vicary's claim turned out to be a hoax. There is no evidence that the subliminal messages he claimed to have used had any effect on concession sales.

Question 18

Which statement about ironic monitoring processes is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

The statement "They decrease our sensitivity to the thoughts that are unwanted" is not true. Irony monitoring processes actually increase our sensitivity to the thoughts that are unwanted, allowing us to recognize and control them.

Question 19

As manager of a new movie theater, Ralph arranged to have messages about popcorn and candy flashed on the screen during the movie so quickly that they were outside of conscious awareness. Messages like this are called:

Accepted Answer

Messages flashed so quickly that they are outside of conscious awareness are called subliminal stimuli.

Question 20

In a study on the effects of subliminal persuasion, Bargh and colleagues (1996) found that students exposed to words commonly associated with aging (for example, Florida, gray, wrinkled) _____ than those not exposed to the "aging" words.

Accepted Answer

The study found that students exposed to the subliminal aging words walked more slowly down the hall after the study, suggesting that they had unconsciously adopted some age-related behaviors or beliefs. The other options are not supported by the study.

Quiz 5: Section 2: Consciousness

Sometimes people experience sensations of falling _, a phenomenon termed _.