Margaret Mead's (1935) observations of gender-roles in three New Guinea tribes suggest that

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Margaret Mead's observations suggest that gender-role socialization plays a crucial role in determining a child's gender-role preferences and behaviors, rather than being solely biologically programmed. She found that gender roles varied extensively across the different tribes, indicating that they are socially constructed rather than fixed.

Margaret Mead's (1935) Observations of Gender-Roles in Three New Guinea