Question 1

A baby is born with a genetic disorder, and neither parent has a history of this disorder. What should the nurse use to explain the baby's genetic disorder?

Accepted Answer

"De novo" refers to a new mutation that occurs in the egg or sperm at the time of conception, which can result in a genetic disorder even if neither parent has a history of the condition.

Question 2

The nurse is reviewing the process of mitosis and meiosis with a patient receiving care in a fertility clinic. Which patient statements are examples of scenarios that involve mitotic cell division?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse is reviewing the process of...

Question 3

A newborn has just been diagnosed with a negative result from genetic testing. What should the nurse realize this finding means?

Accepted Answer

A negative result from genetic testing means that there is no evidence of a genetic abnormality that could cause the symptoms seen in the baby. Therefore, no further follow-up is needed in relation to genetic testing.

Question 4

While reviewing a male patient's history in the chart provided, the nurse becomes concerned. The patient states, "I haven't been to see a physician in years, and it's time for me to get a thorough check-up." Based on the nurse's understanding of genetically related diseases, which diagnostic screening examination may be ordered for this patient? $$\begin{array} { | l | l | } 
\hline \text { Disease or condition } & \text { Patient's history } \
\hline \text { Cerebrovascular Accident } & \begin{array} { l } 
\text { The patient's mother had a cerebrovascular } \
\text { accident at the age of } 45 .
\end{array} \
\hline \text { Breast cancer } & \begin{array} { l } 
\text { The patient's mother was diagnosed with } \
\text { breast cancer at the age of } 55 .
\end{array} \
\hline \text { Colon cancer } & \begin{array} { l } 
\text { The patient' sister was diagnosed with } \
\text { colon cancer the age of } 62 .
\end{array} \
\hline \text { Heart disease } & \begin{array} { l } 
\text { The patient's father was diagnosed with } \
\text { coronary artery disease at the age of } 42 .
\end{array} \
\hline \text { Prostate cancer } & \begin{array} { l } 
\text { The patient's uncle was diagnosed with } \
\text { prostate cancer at the age of } 87 .
\end{array} \
\hline
\end{array}$$

Accepted Answer

The answer of While reviewing a male patient's history in...

Question 5

A male patient has a history of a genetic disorder and is concerned that this same disorder will be passed to his children. What information should the nurse provide to this patient?

Accepted Answer

Not all genetic disorders are passed on to children, especially if they are due to a defect in metabolism. Avoiding having children is not a viable option for most individuals. Inheritance patterns for genetic disorders can be complex and depend on many factors, not just the specific chromosomes involved. Therefore, option B provides the most accurate and helpful information to the patient.

Question 6

The nurse working in a geneticist's office is reviewing information about human cells with a patient. Which patient statements indicate that an adequate amount of learning has occurred?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse working in a geneticist's office...

Question 7

A baby with Down syndrome has been born to a mother who refuses to allow any family members to visit her or the newborn. What should the nurse realize this patient is demonstrating?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A baby with Down syndrome has been...

Question 8

A patient who is pregnant reports a family history of cystic fibrosis and asks about the risks for transmission to her child. What concepts should the nurse include in the discussion?

Accepted Answer

Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disorder, meaning both male and female children have an equal chance of being affected if they inherit two copies of the mutated gene, one from each parent.

Question 9

A patient scheduled for a genetic evaluation has 
A) The geneticist examines the patient. 
B) The patient is scheduled for diagnostic tests. 
C) The patient constructs a 3-generation pedigree. 
D) The geneticist discusses the findings with the patient and makes recommendations. 
E) The genetic clinical nurse interviews the patient.
F) non of the above.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient scheduled for a genetic evaluation...

Question 10

A 29-year-old patient whose mother died from an unspecified cancer at the age of 33 has the following diagnostic test results. What would be appropriate for this patient? $$\begin{array} { | l | l | } 
\hline \text { Diagnostic Test } & \text { Results } \
\hline \text { MLH1/ MHL2 gene testing } & \text { Genetic mutation noted } \
\hline
\end{array}$$

Accepted Answer

MLH1/ MHL2 gene mutations are associated with Lynch syndrome, which predisposes individuals to colon cancer and other cancers such as endometrial, ovarian, gastric, urinary tract, pancreatic, and brain cancers. Given the patient's family history and genetic testing result, a colonoscopy would be the most appropriate screening test to detect any early signs of colon cancer.

Question 11

A patient and her future husband completed genetic testing through a laboratory that they found on the Internet. The patient is upset because the results determined that they are at risk for having children with congenital abnormalities. Which is an appropriate nursing response?

Accepted Answer

This response is appropriate because a screening test is not a definitive diagnosis and should always be confirmed with a diagnostic test. The nurse can provide information and resources for the patient and her future husband to obtain a diagnostic test and discuss the risks and benefits of such testing.

Question 12

A patient tells the nurse that her teenaged son, who has a congenital abnormality, is demonstrating increasing anger and animosity toward her and her husband. The nurse realizes that the son might be

Accepted Answer

The son might be fostering resentment toward his parents because of his congenital abnormality.

Question 13

A patient tells the nurse that her husband has chronic myelogenous leukemia, and she is concerned that their children will inherit that genetic disorder. How should the nurse respond to this patient?

Accepted Answer

Chronic myelogenous leukemia is caused by a chromosomal abnormality known as the Philadelphia chromosome, which is not a hereditary condition. Therefore, the nurse should educate the patient that their children will not inherit the condition from their father.

Question 14

Upon the completion of genetic testing, a patient is happy to learn that she has a negative test result. The nurse then explains to the patient that

Accepted Answer

A negative genetic test result means that the patient does not carry a specific genetic mutation that was tested for. However, it does not mean that the patient is completely free from the risk of developing the disease in the future. There may be other genetic mutations or factors that can increase the risk of developing the disease. Therefore, the nurse should explain to the patient that a negative test result does not guarantee that she will not develop the disease.

Question 15

At the conclusion of a genetic counseling session, a family member says to the nurse, "There's got to be something that you aren't telling us." The nurse realizes that this individual is

Accepted Answer

This statement likely indicates confusion or misunderstanding, which can occur when healthcare providers use a nondirective approach, emphasizing patient autonomy in decision-making without explicitly guiding them toward a specific decision. This can sometimes leave individuals feeling uncertain or as though they have not received all the information.

Question 16

A patient is upset to hear the nurse say that the results of genetic testing revealed wild-type genes. The nurse should explains that this type of gene is

Accepted Answer

Wild-type genes are considered normal and are the most common form of a gene in a population. This means that there are no mutations or variations present in the gene.

Question 17

A baby is born with a genetic disorder that did not affect either of the parents. What should the nurse realize about this baby's disorder?

Accepted Answer

This scenario suggests that the baby inherited a recessive gene from both parents. It is possible that both parents are carriers of the genetic disorder but do not exhibit any symptoms themselves. Since this is a recessive disorder, the baby will only have the disorder if they inherit two copies of the faulty gene, one from each parent.

Question 18

The physician has ordered chromosomal analysis for a newborn baby. Which test does the nurse realize will most likely be performed with this baby?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomal analysis typically refers to performing a karyotype, which visualizes the chromosomes in a person's cells to detect any genetic abnormalities. Therefore, choice A is the best answer. Newborn screen and carrier testing are typically used to detect certain genetic diseases or traits, while preimplantation genetic diagnosis is a procedure that is performed during in vitro fertilization to select embryos with desired traits. However, these tests do not involve chromosomal analysis as the primary component.

Question 19

A 42-year-old pregnant patient asks the nurse if the baby will be born with Down syndrome because of a chromosomal abnormality. What chromosomal abnormality does the nurse know this to be?

Accepted Answer

Down syndrome, also known as Trisomy 21, is caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21, resulting in a total of 47 chromosomes in the affected individual. Therefore, the correct answer is D, as it describes having an extra member of a chromosome pair.

Question 20

Four hundred twenty-two people are involved in a research study regarding warfarin use. Twenty-three are African American, fourteen are Asian, and the rest are Caucasian. Based on previous research, calculate how many of the Caucasian patients may metabolize warfarin at a slower rate due to a polymorphism on the cytochrome P450 CYP2C9 gene. _______

Accepted Answer

The answer of Four hundred twenty-two people are involved in...

Quiz 8: Genetic Implications of Adult Health Nursing