Question 1

_____ therapy involves initially limiting the amount of time insomniacs can try to sleep in the night.

Accepted Answer

Sleep restriction therapy involves limiting the amount of time insomniacs can try to sleep in the night. This is done to reduce the time spent in bed without sleep, thus increasing the feeling of sleepiness at night. The goal is to gradually increase the amount of time spent in bed as sleep efficiency improves. Guided mastery therapy involves helping individuals overcome fears and negative thoughts associated with their insomnia, pharmacological therapy involves the use of medication to help the individual sleep and delta-sleep-inducing therapy involves exposing the individual to specific sound frequencies to induce deep sleep.

Question 2

Which of the following refers to a sleep-wake disorder that may occur along with insomnia?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following refers to a...

Question 3

The second stage of sleep includes _____ or short runs of rhythmical responses of 12 to 16 hertz.

Accepted Answer

Spindles, or short runs of rhythmical responses of 12 to 16 hertz, are characteristic of stage 2 sleep. REM (choice A) is a stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements, delta waves (choice C) are characteristic of stage 3 and 4 deep sleep, and gamma waves (choice D) are higher frequency brain waves that are not typically associated with a specific stage of sleep.

Question 4

After an adult has been asleep for an hour or so, the EEG becomes very active. This stage is known as:

Accepted Answer

After an hour or so of sleep, the EEG becomes very active and this stage is known as rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. In this stage, the eyes move rapidly, and dreams occur. Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep is characterized by slower brain waves and includes stages 1, 2, and 3 of sleep. Spindle refers to a burst of brain activity that can occur during stage 2 of NREM sleep. Slumber is a general term for sleep and does not refer to a specific stage of sleep.

Question 5

Which of the following age groups spend the least amount sleeping time in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep?

Accepted Answer

As people age, the percentage of time spent in REM sleep decreases, with older adults spending the least amount of time in this stage of sleep.

Question 6

Which of the following medications have the least clear benefit in the treatment of insomnia?

Accepted Answer

Antihistamines are often used to induce drowsiness but are not specifically indicated for the treatment of insomnia. They can cause rebound insomnia and may have side effects such as dry mouth and blurred vision. The other options listed (antidepressants, benzodiazepines, and melatonin) have established benefits in the treatment of insomnia.

Question 7

Which of the following occurs in the third and fourth stages of sleep?

Accepted Answer

The third and fourth stages of sleep are also known as slow-wave sleep (SWS) and are characterized by a pattern of slow waves with a frequency of 1 to 2 hertz. This is in contrast to the faster rhythms seen in earlier stages of sleep (such as alpha and theta waves) and the occasional sharp fluctuations in amplitude seen in REM sleep. Brain waves in SWS tend to be less regular and have a lower amplitude overall.

Question 8

A comprehensive assessment of how people sleep can be obtained by a _____.

Accepted Answer

A polysomnographic evaluation is a comprehensive assessment of sleep that measures brain wave activity, eye movements, muscle tone, heart rate, and breathing. This allows professionals to make accurate diagnoses and recommendations for treatment of sleep disorders. A polygraph test is a measure of physiological responses, but not specific to sleep. Perceptual maps are a marketing tool and psychodynamic techniques are a type of therapy approach, and neither are directly related to sleep assessment.

Question 9

Dreaming occurs during the:

Accepted Answer

Dreaming occurs during the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) stage of sleep. During REM sleep, the brain is highly active and the body is paralyzed, allowing for vivid and immersive dreaming experiences.

Question 10

An assessment of how people sleep can be obtained using a wristwatch-like device called a(n) _____, which records movement.

Accepted Answer

An actigraph is a wristwatch-like device that records movement and can be used to assess sleep patterns. Polysomnographs are more complex devices used in sleep studies that measure brain activity, eye movements, and other physiological indicators during sleep. Somnographs and polygraphs measure biophysical responses such as heart rate and blood pressure, but do not record movement data.

Question 11

_____ is defined as difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep that lasts only a few days and is an isolated occurrence.

Accepted Answer

Episodic insomnia is defined as difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep that lasts only a few days and is an isolated occurrence. Primary insomnia is a more chronic and persistent sleep disorder, while primary hypersomnia involves excessive sleepiness during the day. Periodic insomnia refers to patterns of insomnia that occur periodically, such as seasonal insomnia.

Question 12

An individual who has insomnia at least three nights per week for at least three months and who experiences significant distress or impairment in functioning due to the sleep disturbance is likely to be diagnosed with _____.

Accepted Answer

The criteria mentioned in the question are consistent with the diagnosis of insomnia disorder. Primary insomnia refers to insomnia that is not caused by another medical or psychiatric condition, while primary hypersomnia refers to excessive daytime sleepiness. Secondary hypersomnia refers to excessive daytime sleepiness that is caused by another medical or psychiatric condition. None of these diagnoses fully capture the symptoms described in the question.

Question 13

When we fall asleep and when we awaken are strongly influenced by our biological rhythms, particularly our:

Accepted Answer

Our body temperature rhythms fluctuate throughout the day and can impact our sleep-wake cycles. When our body temperature is highest, we tend to feel more alert and awake, and when it is lowest, we tend to feel more drowsy and ready for sleep. This is why people often struggle to fall asleep if they are too warm or if they don't cool down enough before bedtime.

Question 14

The behavioral component of cognitive-behavioral interventions for insomnia includes _____, which is, controlling conditions that might interfere with sleep.

Accepted Answer

The behavioral component of cognitive-behavioral interventions for insomnia includes stimulus control, which is focused on controlling conditions that might interfere with sleep. This can involve things like establishing a regular sleep schedule, limiting exposure to stimulating activities before bedtime, and creating a comfortable sleep environment. Response modification, reinforcement, and environment modification are not as directly relevant to the behavioral component of treating insomnia.

Question 15

Which of the following age groups spend the maximum sleeping time in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep?

Accepted Answer

Newborn infants spend the maximum sleeping time in REM sleep, which typically accounts for about 50% of their sleep. As we age, the proportion of REM sleep decreases, with adults spending approximately 20-25% in REM sleep, and older adults spending even less. Therefore, choices B, C, and D are incorrect.

Question 16

According to Harvey (2008), _____ primarily maintain insomnia.

Accepted Answer

According to Harvey (2008), cognitive factors are the primary factor maintaining insomnia. This can include negative thoughts or beliefs about sleep, anxiety about not being able to sleep, or worrying about the consequences of not getting enough sleep.

Question 17

Which of the following sleep disorders is characterized by excessive quantities of sleep?

Accepted Answer

Hypersomnia is characterized by excessive quantities of sleep, including prolonged and/or frequent daytime sleepiness. Primary insomnia is characterized by difficulty falling or staying asleep, while central sleep apnea involves brief pauses in breathing during sleep. Nightmare disorder involves frequent, distressing dreams that often wake the individual up.

Question 18

Which of the following has proven to be most reliably effective in the treatment of insomnia?

Accepted Answer

Zolpidem is a prescription medication that is specifically designed to treat insomnia by enhancing the activity of the neurotransmitter GABA in the brain. It has been clinically proven to be effective in helping individuals fall asleep and stay asleep throughout the night, with relatively few side effects. Antihistamines and tryptophan may have some mild sedative effects, but they have not been shown to effectively treat insomnia. Delta-sleep-inducing peptide is still an experimental treatment and has not yet been widely tested in humans for insomnia.

Question 19

Which of the following refers to the second stage of sleep that is characterized by an occasional sharp rise and fall in the amplitude of the entire EEG?

Accepted Answer

The second stage of sleep is characterized by the occasional appearance of K-complexes, which are a sudden high-voltage brain wave response to sensory stimuli or spontaneous internal processes.

Question 20

Which of the following observations about chronic insomnia is true?

Accepted Answer

Studies have consistently found that chronic insomnia is more frequent in women than in men. A is not accurate as rates vary depending on the study, but it is generally believed that around 30% of adults experience some form of insomnia. C is not accurate as chronic insomnia typically affects middle-aged and older adults. D is not accurate as chronic insomnia is often comorbid with other mental disorders such as anxiety and depression.

Quiz 15: Health Psychology