Question 1

Harris and colleagues conducted a study on the influence of labeling children on:

Accepted Answer

Harris and colleagues focused their study on the influence of labeling on boys in grades three to six, examining how labels affect their behavior and self-perception.

Question 2

Describe the different brain-imaging techniques that can be used to identify specific deficits and brain abnormalities.

Accepted Answer

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Question 3

Which of the following is the most current edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)?

Accepted Answer

DSM-5 is the most current edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, released in 2013. DSM-III was published in 1980, followed by DSM-IV in 1994 and DSM-IV-TR (Text Revision) in 2000.

Question 4

_____ disorders last for long periods of time, while _____ disorders have a more recent and abrupt onset of severe symptoms.

Accepted Answer

Chronic disorders last for long periods of time, while acute disorders have a more recent and abrupt onset of severe symptoms.

Question 5

Harris and colleagues concluded from one study that once they were labeled with a behavior disorder, boys were likely to:

Accepted Answer

Harris and colleagues' study suggests that boys labeled with a behavior disorder are likely to enjoy their interactions with others less. This conclusion aligns with the broader psychological understanding of how labeling can affect individuals' perceptions of themselves and their behaviors, potentially leading to more negative social experiences.

Question 6

What is meant by validity? What are the different ways in which the validity of a test can be estimated?

Accepted Answer

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Question 7

Recent research on comorbidity led to diagnostic systems that:

Accepted Answer

Recent research on comorbidity has led to a dimensional approach to diagnosis, which recognizes that many individuals experience symptoms across multiple disorders. This approach acknowledges the complexity of mental health and better accommodates the range of presentations that can occur within specific diagnoses. This approach recognizes that traditional diagnostic categories may not fully capture the complexity of an individual’s struggles, and emphasizes the importance of assessing individual symptoms and experiences.

Question 8

Which critic of psychiatry argued that the entire diagnostic system of mental disorders is corrupt and should be abandoned?

Accepted Answer

Thomas Szasz was a critic of psychiatry who argued that mental illness is a myth and that the entire diagnostic system of mental disorders is corrupt and should be abandoned. He believed that psychiatric diagnoses were used as a way of social control and that people should take responsibility for their own problems instead of relying on psychiatric labels.

Question 9

What is the basis for projective tests? Describe the Rorschach Inkblot Test and the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT). What are the limitations of projective tests?

Accepted Answer

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Question 10

Most people who were diagnosed with one DSM-IV-TR disorder also met the criteria for another disorder. This overlap among disorders is known as _____.

Accepted Answer

Comorbidity refers to the presence of multiple disorders in the same individual. It is common for individuals to meet the criteria for more than one DSM-IV-TR disorder, indicating that there is significant overlap among disorders. The other options (cohort effect, causality, and correlation) do not accurately describe this phenomenon.

Question 11

Summarize the major changes in the new Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) from the previous version.

Accepted Answer

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Question 12

What is meant by reliability? Briefly describe the different types of reliability.

Accepted Answer

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Question 13

The current edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM):

Accepted Answer

The current edition of the DSM incorporates a continuum perspective on disorders, meaning that it recognizes the varying degrees of severity and impairments that can be associated with different disorders. This approach moves away from the strict categorical approach of previous editions and reflects a more nuanced understanding of mental health.

Question 14

Rosenhan's study enlightened the mental health community on the dangers of:

Accepted Answer

Rosenhan's study demonstrated the potential abuses of power by mental health professionals who label people as normal or abnormal, creating a stigma that can have negative consequences for individuals labeled as mentally ill.

Question 15

What are some of the challenges associated with evaluating children?

Accepted Answer

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Question 16

What are some of the challenges associated with evaluating individuals across cultures?

Accepted Answer

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Question 17

Which psychologist rattled the mental health community when he and several of his colleagues admitted themselves to various psychiatric facilities as "pseudopatients"?

Accepted Answer

David Rosenhan and his colleagues conducted a famous experiment in which they admitted themselves to various psychiatric facilities as "pseudopatients" to see if the staff could distinguish between mental illness and normal behavior. The experiment, known as the "Rosenhan experiment," rattled the mental health community and raised important ethical and practical questions about the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness.

Question 18

What are intelligence tests? Why are these tests considered to be controversial? What are the criticisms that have been leveled against intelligence tests?

Accepted Answer

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Question 19

Disruption of social and occupational functioning and duration of a person's symptoms were criteria that were missing for which editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)?

Accepted Answer

The first and second editions of the DSM did not include criteria for disruption of social and occupational functioning or duration of a person's symptoms.

Question 20

What is an initial interview? What type of information does the clinician make note of during this interview?

Accepted Answer

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Quiz 3: Assessing and Diagnosing Abnormality