Question 1

The first mental asylum was founded in:

Accepted Answer

The first mental asylum was founded in Egypt in the 4th century BCE by an Egyptian priest named Imhotep. The asylum was located in the city of Memphis and was known as the House of the Sun. It was designed to provide care and treatment for the mentally ill.

Question 2

Many people who are recovering from schizophrenia and other severe mental disorders receive occupational training in a(n) _____ workshop, which is a supervised workplace for individuals who are not ready to work independently in competitive or complicated jobs.

Accepted Answer

A sheltered workshop is specifically designed to provide occupational training and employment for individuals who are not able to work independently due to cognitive, developmental, or mental health challenges. These workshops provide a supportive environment and supervision to help individuals develop the skills necessary for more competitive employment opportunities in the future.

Question 3

The Parkinsonian and movement-related side effects of certain antipsychotic medications seem to be caused by reductions of specific transmitters in the basal ganglia and _____ regions of the brain.

Accepted Answer

The Parkinsonian and movement-related side effects of antipsychotic medications are primarily due to dopamine receptor blockade in the basal ganglia, particularly affecting the substantia nigra, which is crucial for movement regulation.

Question 4

Research has repeatedly shown that:

Accepted Answer

The statement that antipsychotic drugs reduce symptoms in the majority of patients with schizophrenia is supported by numerous studies and is widely accepted in the scientific community. The other choices (B, C, and D) are not supported by research and are not accepted as effective treatments for schizophrenia.

Question 5

Day hospitals first appeared in _____ when a shortage of hospital beds led to the premature release of many patients.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Day hospitals first appeared in _____ when...

Question 6

Of the following living circumstances, _____ describes approximately one-third of those who suffer from schizophrenia and other severe mental disorders.

Accepted Answer

Approximately one-third of individuals with schizophrenia and other severe mental disorders live in unsupervised settings, which can include living alone or with others without structured support.

Question 7

The discovery of _____ revolutionized treatment for schizophrenia.

Accepted Answer

Antipsychotic drugs revolutionized treatment for schizophrenia by effectively relieving positive symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions. Milieu therapy and token economies are forms of psychosocial treatments that can be used in combination with medication, but they are not considered revolutionary treatments on their own. Leucotomy, now known as lobotomy, was a surgical procedure used in the past to treat mental illness, including schizophrenia, but it is no longer considered an effective or ethical form of treatment.

Question 8

The premise of _____ is that institutions need to promote productive activity, self-respect, and individual responsibility.

Accepted Answer

The premise outlined in the question aligns with the ideas behind milieu therapy, which emphasizes creating a therapeutic environment that encourages clients to engage in productive activities, take responsibility for their actions, and develop a sense of self-respect. Social treatment, token economy programs, and rational-emotional-behavior therapy may also incorporate some of these principles, but they do not specifically focus on promoting institutional change or creating a therapeutic community as central components to achieving positive outcomes.

Question 9

Most people with schizophrenia who live in poorly supervised or unsupervised settings survive on:

Accepted Answer

Government disability payments are typically the main source of income for individuals with schizophrenia who live in poorly supervised or unsupervised settings. Family and community support may not be reliable or consistent, and support from religious institutions may not be sufficient to meet their needs.

Question 10

Conventional antipsychotic drugs are referred to as _____ drugs because of their undesirable movement-related side effects.

Accepted Answer

Conventional antipsychotic drugs are often referred to as neuroleptic drugs because they have an effect on the nervous system, including the undesirable side effect of movement disorders.

Question 11

Use of at least one atypical antipsychotic, Clozapine, has been associated with the development of:

Accepted Answer

The use of Clozapine has been associated with the development of agranulocytosis, which is a potentially life-threatening blood disorder characterized by a severe reduction in the number of white blood cells that can make it difficult for the body to fight off infections. Regular monitoring of white blood cell counts is recommended for patients taking Clozapine. The other options, tardive dyskinesia, akathisia, and brain tumors, are not typically associated with Clozapine use.

Question 12

The _____ requires that people with mental disorders receive treatment in their communities rather than being transported to institutions far from home.

Accepted Answer

The statement describes the Community Mental Health Act, which was passed in 1963 and required that mental health treatment be provided in community settings rather than in institutions far from a person's home. The Civil Rights Act prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, while the Mental Health Insurance Parity Act requires insurance companies to cover mental health treatment in the same way they cover physical health treatment. The Deinstitutionalization Act of 1963 does not exist.

Question 13

Who received the Nobel Prize for research that led to the development of the lobotomy procedure?

Accepted Answer

Egas Moniz received the Nobel Prize in 1949 for developing the lobotomy procedure, which involves severing the connections between the prefrontal cortex and the rest of the brain as a treatment for mental illness. Walter Freeman, a neurologist in the United States, popularized the procedure and performed many lobotomies in the 1940s and 1950s. Phillipe Pinel was a French physician who introduced humane treatment of mental patients in the late 18th century. Elliot Valenstein was an American physiologist who studied brain function and criticized the use of lobotomies.

Question 14

Which is NOT an extrapyramidal effect of using antipsychotic medications to treat schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

Huntington's-type symptoms are not a recognized extrapyramidal effect of using antipsychotic medications to treat schizophrenia. Parkinsonian-type symptoms (A), neuroleptic malignant syndrome (C), and tardive dyskinesia (D) are recognized extrapyramidal effects.

Question 15

The milieu therapy approach to treating schizophrenia is based on _____ principles.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The milieu therapy approach to treating schizophrenia...

Question 16

As a result of institutionalization, many patients developed:

Accepted Answer

Institutionalization can lead to a condition called social breakdown syndrome, where patients become apathetic, lose interest in social relationships and personal hygiene, and develop other negative behaviors due to the rigid and depersonalized environment of the institution. While depression and schizophrenia are mental health disorders that some patients may have before entering an institution, they are not directly caused by institutionalization. Diathesis-stress is a theoretical model that applies to mental health disorders and suggests that a genetic predisposition coupled with environmental stressors can trigger the onset of the disorder, but it is not directly related to institutionalization.

Question 17

Token economy programs relied on the systematic application of _____ techniques.

Accepted Answer

Token economy programs rely on operant conditioning techniques, which involve rewarding desired behaviors and punishing undesired behaviors to increase the likelihood of the desired behavior being repeated in the future. Tokens are given as a reward for a desired behavior, and these tokens can be exchanged for desired items, privileges, or activities. This reinforces the desired behavior, making it more likely that it will be repeated in the future.

Question 18

Of the few psychotherapists who treated patients with schizophrenia before the discovery of antipsychotic drugs, most believed that the first task of therapy was to:

Accepted Answer

Before the discovery of antipsychotic drugs, psychotherapists believed that winning the trust of patients and building a close relationship with them was the first task of therapy. This was because patients with schizophrenia often had difficulty trusting others and forming relationships, and building a relationship of trust with the therapist was seen as essential to the success of therapy.

Question 19

Antipsychotic drugs reduce psychotic symptoms, at least in part, because they block excessive activity of neurotransmitters at the brain's _____ receptors.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Antipsychotic drugs reduce psychotic symptoms, at least...

Question 20

The use of antipsychotic medication dates back to the 1940s, when _____ drugs were used to calm patients about to undergo surgery.

Accepted Answer

The use of antipsychotic medication dates back to the 1940s when antihistamine drugs were used to calm patients about to undergo surgery.

Quiz 15: Treatments for Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders