Question 1

Positive mental health is associated with:

Accepted Answer

Positive mental health is associated with having a strong sense of identity, which includes feeling positively about one's own ethnic heritage and mainstream culture. It is important to feel connected to one's community and to appreciate diversity. Separating from one's own ethnic heritage or mainstream culture can lead to feelings of isolation and disconnection, which can negatively impact mental health. Choosing D is clearly not a positive state of mental health. A and B options are related to one side of the cultural context, but a balance between one's own heritage and mainstream culture is important for positive mental health.

Question 2

Compared to parents who emphasize having pride in one's ethnic group, parents who emphasize the need to be wary about potential racism tend to have children:

Accepted Answer

Parents who emphasize the need to be wary about potential racism may inadvertently increase their children's sensitivity to discrimination, potentially leading to worse outcomes when they face discrimination. This approach can heighten feelings of vulnerability or victimization, which may not equip children with the resilience needed to cope effectively with discriminatory experiences.

Question 3

How do self-conceptions change between childhood and late adolescence? Be sure to define self-conception and describe the three major patterns of change that are discussed in the textbook, giving illustrations of each.

Accepted Answer

The answer of How do self-conceptions change between childhood and...

Question 4

According to the textbook, having race as a central part of one's identity has the following impact(s) on adolescent development.

Accepted Answer

According to the textbook, having race as a central part of one's identity may make adolescents more sensitive to discrimination. At the same time, it may also help them cope better with discrimination by providing them with a sense of belonging and pride in their cultural heritage. Thus, both options A and B are correct, making answer choice C the best one. Option D is incorrect as the textbook clearly mentions that race can have an impact on adolescent development.

Question 5

According to Sellers's Multidimensional Model of Racial Identity (MMRI), three different aspects of racial identity are important to consider in understanding discrimination and its effects. These three components are:

Accepted Answer

The Multidimensional Model of Racial Identity (MMRI) includes three components: private regard (how individuals feel about their own race), public regard (how individuals believe others view their race), and racial centrality (how important race is to their sense of self). Understanding these three components is crucial for understanding how experiences of discrimination can affect individuals' sense of self and well-being.

Question 6

Sarah admits that she behaves in completely different ways depending on whether she is at school, on a date, with her family, or with her close friends. Using research cited in the textbook, how would you describe Sarah's incongruent behaviors?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sarah admits that she behaves in completely...

Question 7

As you join some friends for coffee, they are discussing a group of classmates who seem to have problems with their identity development-some seem to have a rather incoherent, disjointed, incomplete sense of who they are; one seems to have made no exploration at all in any areas of his development and just does what his parents tell him, which he says is fine with him; and a couple of others behave in ways that are obviously contrary to social norms and mores. They turn to you to ask if there are classifications to describe these behaviors and how they might have developed. What do you tell them?

Accepted Answer

The answer of As you join some friends for coffee,...

Question 8

According to the textbook, feeling discriminated against is predictive of all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

The textbook states that feeling discriminated against is predictive of conduct problems, depression, and lower achievement in school, so all of these options are correct.

Question 9

The idea that pressure to behave in sex-appropriate ways temporarily increases during middle adolescence, especially for girls, is called the _______ hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

The concept that pressure to conform to gender norms escalates in middle adolescence, predominantly among girls, is known as the gender intensification hypothesis.

Question 10

Has research on Erikson's theory of adolescent identity development supported his original theory? How do identity status researchers obtain their data? What have these studies found that is (or is not) consistent with Erikson's theory? What do the psychological profiles look like for individuals in each of the identity states?'

Accepted Answer

The answer of Has research on Erikson's theory of adolescent...

Question 11

Which of the following statements is not true regarding the gender intensification hypothesis in adolescence?

Accepted Answer

The gender intensification hypothesis suggests that during adolescence, both boys and girls experience increased pressure to conform to culturally defined gender roles, which often means boys are discouraged from exhibiting feminine traits, contrary to what option B suggests.

Question 12

One's sense of oneself as male, female, or transgender is called

Accepted Answer

Gender identity refers to one's subjective sense of belonging to a particular gender, which may or may not match their biological sex. Multiethnic refers to having a diverse background of ethnicities. Sexual orientation refers to one's sexual and romantic attraction to others. Gender roles behavior refers to societal expectations and norms regarding how individuals should behave based on their gender.

Question 13

According to the textbook, Black individuals who believe that the public has low regard for their ethnic group typically:

Accepted Answer

According to the textbook, Black individuals who believe that the public has low regard for their ethnic group are more sensitive to racial cues. They tend to be hypervigilant and more likely to perceive discrimination where none may exist. This can lead to negative psychological and physical health outcomes.

Question 14

According to the textbook, one of the pathways by which adolescents who feel discriminated against experience negative mental health outcomes is:

Accepted Answer

Adolescents who feel discriminated against in school may experience decreased academic achievement and feel less control over their academic performance, which can ultimately lead to feelings of depression and other negative mental health outcomes.

Question 15

Describe how the identity development of minority adolescents differs from the identity development of White adolescents. What unique challenges do minority adolescents, including multiethnic and foreign-born adolescents, face? How do minorities respond to these challenges? Be sure to describe the pathways related to positive and negative outcomes among minority youth.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe how the identity development of minority...

Question 16

Having two parents of different ethnic or racial backgrounds is a description of

Accepted Answer

Having two parents of different ethnic or racial backgrounds is an example of being multiethnic, meaning individuals have multiple ethnic or racial identities. Gender identity, ethnic orientation, and ethnic behavior are not applicable to this description.

Question 17

Which adolescent male would be expected to have the highest self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

Paul, who is extremely masculine, would be expected to have the highest self-esteem because masculinity is associated with positive self-esteem in adolescent males.

Question 18

Below is a statement from a Native American adolescent. Analyze the passage below based on what you know about identity development. (HINT: What would identity development research derived from the work of Erikson and Marcia's theory say?)

Accepted Answer

The answer of Below is a statement from a Native...

Question 19

Robert Sellers and colleagues have presented a model to help make sense of the complicated relations among perceived discrimination, ethnic identity, and mental health among minorities. This model is called:

Accepted Answer

The model presented by Robert Sellers and colleagues is called the multidimensional model of racial identity (MMRI). It helps to understand the complex interactions between perceived discrimination, ethnic identity, and mental health among minorities. Options A, B, and D are not correct model names.

Question 20

You have been asked to address a group of high school teachers who are concerned about gender socialization in high school. They understand that there is increased pressure on adolescents to act in prescribed ways. They also want you to address any other issues on this topic that you believe are relevant so they will be able to come up with a program to help their students move as smoothly as possible through adolescence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of You have been asked to address a...

Quiz 8: Identity