Question 1

The Stroop task has been modified to focus on emotion.Research findings from this modified Stroop have been used

Accepted Answer

The modified Stroop task focusing on emotion has been used to demonstrate an attention bias towards threatening information in people with anxiety disorders. This is supported by research findings that show slower response times and increased errors when individuals with anxiety disorders are presented with emotional words related to their specific anxiety triggers.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT an example of a diathesis?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is NOT an...

Question 3

After the first day of class,Jack (who is always an optimist)decides the class will be fun while Jan (who struggles over grades)decides the class will be hard.Their different reactions illustrate the role of

Accepted Answer

Jack and Jan's different reactions to the first day of class can be attributed to their cognitive set, or their individual beliefs and expectations about the class. Jack, who is always an optimist, has a positive frame of mind and expects the class to be enjoyable. Jan, on the other hand, struggles over grades and has a negative outlook, expecting the class to be difficult. This highlights how our beliefs and expectations can influence our experiences and reactions.

Question 4

Lindsey opened a letter saying that she got into her top choice medical school.She felt a rush of joy and began to jump up and down with excitement.Which of the following best describes Lindsey's state in the moment after opening the letter?

Accepted Answer

Lindsey's description of feeling joy and jumping up and down with excitement is indicative of experiencing happy emotions.

Question 5

Behavioral and cognitive theorists differ in their emphasis on

Accepted Answer

Behavioral theorists emphasize events in the environment and how they lead to certain behaviors, whereas cognitive theorists focus on how individuals interpret these events and how their thoughts influence their behavior.

Question 6

Multinational studies on the role of gender in psychopathology have shown that

Accepted Answer

Multinational studies have consistently shown that depression is more common among women than men. This gender difference has been attributed to a variety of factors, including biological, psychological, and social factors. However, it is important to note that this does not mean that only women experience depression or that men do not experience other forms of psychopathology.

Question 7

What paradigm was used by this therapist? Joan was fired from her job,and her therapist attempts to help her see that this is not terrible,and that being fired does not mean she is a bad person.

Accepted Answer

The therapist is using Beck's cognitive paradigm, which focuses on identifying and challenging negative and irrational thoughts and beliefs to promote more adaptive and realistic thinking. By helping Joan reframe her interpretation of being fired as not defining her worth as a person, the therapist is using cognitive restructuring, a key technique in Beck's paradigm.

Question 8

Ted is a "workaholic;" he works 15 hours a day and never has time to spend with his family or on things he enjoys.Which of the following is a cognitive explanation of Ted's behavior?

Accepted Answer

Ted's behavior may be explained by his belief that he must excel in his work to be a good person. This belief is a cognitive explanation because it pertains to his thoughts and beliefs, rather than external factors like his upbringing or personality traits.

Question 9

Joan tends to see everything on the 'bright side.' That is,she rarely feels that negative events occur in her life.According to the cognitive perspective,Joan's tendency to see things positively represents her

Accepted Answer

Joan's tendency to see things positively is likely due to her cognitive schema or the way that her brain has structured her past experiences and knowledge. Her positive outlook may be the result of her brain's tendency to selectively remember positive experiences and to interpret neutral events in a positive light.

Question 10

Nellie sees a set of words printed in different colors on a computer and she must name the color of each word as rapidly as possible.Which of the following best describes the task that Nellie is doing?

Accepted Answer

The task described refers to the Stroop effect, which occurs when the automatic processing of reading words interferes with the controlled processing of identifying colors. This task requires Nellie to suppress the automatic response of reading the word and instead focus on identifying the color, making it a classic example of the Stroop effect.

Question 11

Generally all diatheses are

Accepted Answer

Diatheses refer to predispositions or susceptibilities to certain diseases or conditions. They are not considered causes or purely physiological or theoretical concepts.

Question 12

The Stroop task was developed for researchers to study

Accepted Answer

The Stroop task measures the ability to focus attention and inhibit automatic responses, making it a useful tool for studying attention. It is used in cognitive psychology research to investigate the cognitive processes involved in selective attention, automaticity, and interference. The other options are not directly related to the Stroop task.

Question 13

When studying the role of emotions in different mental disorders,it is important to consider

Accepted Answer

When studying the role of emotions in different mental disorders, it is important to consider which components of emotion are affected, such as intensity, duration, and regulation. This can shed light on the underlying mechanisms of the disorder and inform treatment approaches. The other options (B, C, and D) do not address the specific components of emotion and their relevance to mental disorders.

Question 14

Rational-emotive therapy primarily focuses on

Accepted Answer

Rational-emotive therapy (RET) primarily focuses on changing irrational beliefs. RET is a type of cognitive-behavioral therapy that aims to help individuals identify and challenge their negative and irrational beliefs, which can lead to more adaptive behaviors and emotional responses. While behavior and relaxation techniques may also be used in RET, the primary focus is on changing beliefs. Therefore, option D is the best choice.

Question 15

Studies of psychopathology among different cultures and ethnicities have shown that eating disorders are more common among _________,while schizophrenia is more common among _________.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia, are more common among Caucasians compared to other ethnic groups. On the other hand, schizophrenia is more common among African-Americans compared to other ethnic groups. It is important to note that these differences may also be influenced by socioeconomic factors, access to healthcare, and cultural influences on expression of symptoms.

Question 16

Cultural and ethnic studies of psychopathology conducted around the world indicate that

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that while there may be some cultural variations in how certain disorders are manifested, there is significant overlap across cultures in terms of the types of disorders that are present. Additionally, it has been discovered that certain disorders that were previously thought to be exclusive to the Western world, such as eating disorders, are now being diagnosed in other parts of the world. However, it is important to note that while there may be some cultural and ethnic differences in how a disorder is expressed, the same treatment options can be effective regardless of the individual's cultural background.

Question 17

The diathesis-stress paradigm emphasizes that psychopathology results from

Accepted Answer

The diathesis-stress paradigm proposes that psychopathology develops from a combination of a biological predisposition or diathesis and exposure to environmental stressors. Therefore, the best choice is B which combines biology and stress as the factors contributing to the development of psychopathology. Choices A, C, and D are too narrow in their scope and do not include the required emphasis on stressors.

Question 18

According to the diathesis-stress model,if Linda inherited a predisposition that places her at high risk for schizophrenia,

Accepted Answer

The diathesis-stress model suggests that a person's genetic vulnerability (diathesis) interacts with environmental stress to determine their risk for developing a disorder. Therefore, if Linda has a genetic predisposition for schizophrenia, she may develop the disorder if she experiences enough stress. However, it is not guaranteed that she will develop schizophrenia, as the severity and timing of the stressor can also play a role in the development of the disorder. The other choices are not supported by the model.

Question 19

The difference between emotions and moods are

Accepted Answer

Emotions typically have a specific trigger and are intense, short-lived states that are more intense than moods. Moods, on the other hand, tend to be longer-lasting and less intense, and can be influenced by a variety of factors such as environment, thoughts, and physical health.

Question 20

A distinctive facet of the cognitive behavioral paradigm is that thoughts

Accepted Answer

In the cognitive behavioral paradigm, thoughts are believed to cause feelings and behaviors, rather than being a result of them. This is known as the cognitive model or ABC model, where A stands for the activating event (something happens), B stands for beliefs or thoughts about the event, and C stands for the consequences (emotions and behavioral reactions) that result from those beliefs. Therefore, option D is the correct answer.

Quiz 2: Current Paradigms in Psychopathology