Question 1

The League of Five Nations, which remained powerful well into the eighteenth century, was formed as

Accepted Answer

The League of Five Nations, also known as the Iroquois Confederacy, was formed by the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca tribes for the purposes of mutual defense, diplomacy, and governance. It was a significant political and military force in present-day New York and surrounding areas, and its influence remained strong even after European colonization.

Question 2

The 4 million Native Americans in North America in 1492 differed in where they lived and how their cultures had adapted to their local natural environments, but they also had many similarities. Describe how these cultures were similar to one another and how they differed from the culture of Europe at the time.

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Question 3

Evidence indicates that before 1492, Native Americans

Accepted Answer

Evidence from various pre-Columbian civilizations, such as the Aztecs and the Maya, shows that human sacrifice was indeed practiced among some Native American groups before the arrival of Europeans in 1492.

Question 4

Describe the size and scope of the Mexica Empire at the time of its discovery by the Europeans after 1492, and explain how it got to be so large in physical size and population.

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Question 5

The Athapascan tribes-mainly Apache and Navajo-were

Accepted Answer

The Athapascan tribes, including Apache and Navajo, were known for their raiding and warfare against the sedentary Pueblo Indians. They were not migrants from Mesoamerica, nor were they successful farmers or descendants of the Anasazi who lived in settled communities.

Question 6

Describe the ways that Eastern Woodland cultures interacted with the natural environment. What challenges and opportunities did they encounter?

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Question 7

Which group held the most exalted position in Mexican society?

Accepted Answer

Warriors held the most exalted position in Mexican society, as they were highly respected for their bravery and military prowess. They were given special privileges and were often wealthy landowners. Priests were also highly respected and had significant influence, but they did not hold as much power as the warriors. Traders and merchants were considered lower in social status.

Question 8

Discuss how climate shaped the lives of Ancient Americans in present-day Arizona, New Mexico, and southern portions of Utah and Colorado. How did southwestern Indians confront climate problems? How did they remain vulnerable?

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Question 9

Describe the two major adaptations the Paleo-Indians made in their way of life as the mammoths and other large game they hunted became extinct.

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Question 10

Spanish conquerors exploited which weakness of the Mexica empire?

Accepted Answer

The Mexica (Aztec) empire was not universally revered or respected by all of its subjects, leaving it vulnerable to opposition and alliances with conquering Spaniards.

Question 11

Around 2500 B.P., members of Woodland cultures in the vast Mississippi Valley began to construct burial mounds and other earthworks, suggesting the existence of social and political hierarchies that archaeologists term chiefdoms. Define chiefdoms and briefly explain what archaeologists have found in burial mounds and what these objects reveal about Woodland cultures.

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Question 12

What characteristic was common across the many tribes inhabiting North America at the dawn of European colonization?

Accepted Answer

Most Native American tribes before European colonization had a culture that was dependent on the local environment. This meant that their way of life, housing, clothing, and diet were all influenced by the plants and animals found in their specific region. While some tribes had some form of writing, it was not common among most tribes. Additionally, domesticated animals were not widely used for hunting or agriculture before European introduction.

Question 13

In A.D. 1492, the empire of the Mexica

Accepted Answer

The Mexica Empire, also known as the Aztec Empire, had an estimated population of up to 25 million people at its height. However, it did not stretch as far as Brazil and its land was not equal to that of Spain. It did engage in trade, but it was not always peaceful.

Question 14

The Mexica used an extensive tribute system to redistribute wealth from

Accepted Answer

The Mexica, more commonly known as the Aztecs, utilized an extensive tribute system primarily to redistribute wealth from conquered peoples and the lower classes to the ruling classes and elites, effectively from the poor to the rich. This system was a key component of their economic and political control over the vast territories they governed.

Question 15

How did Native Americans relate to the natural environment?

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Question 16

Explain how the adoption of bows and arrows affected Great Plains hunters' livelihoods.

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Question 17

Explain the factors that contributed to cultural diversity among ancient peoples of present-day California. How did this compare with other regions of ancient America?

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Question 18

Eastern Woodland peoples around the time of Columbus's arrival in 1492 clustered into which three major groups?

Accepted Answer

Algonquian, Iroquoian, and Muskogean were the major groups of Eastern Woodland peoples during the time of Columbus's arrival. The other options refer to tribes that were located in different regions of North America.

Question 19

Describe the two major developments that made it possible for human beings to migrate to the Western Hemisphere from Asia.

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Question 20

Evaluate the following statement about ancient Americans: The absence of written sources means that ancient human beings' history cannot be reconstructed with the detail and certainty made possible by writing.

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Quiz 1: Ancient America, Before 1492