Question 1

Relative net primary productivity is the ratio of net primary productivity to standing ________.

Accepted Answer

biomass

Question 2

Net primary productivity is generally greatest at

Accepted Answer

Net primary productivity is highest at tropical latitudes near the equator because there is abundant sunlight year-round and high levels of precipitation which promotes the growth of plants.

Question 3

In a body of water,the depth at which the availability of light is such that the rate of photosynthesis equals the rate of respiration is called the ________ depth.

Accepted Answer

compensation

Question 4

Where are the areas of highest NPP?

Accepted Answer

The equator is the area of highest NPP due to the presence of highest solar energy and optimum temperature and rainfall, which leads to high rates of photosynthesis and plant growth.

Question 5

________ efficiency is the ratio of production to assimilation,which measures how efficiently the consumer incorporates assimilated energy into secondary production.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ efficiency is the ratio of production...

Question 6

Organic carbon produced within an ecosystem is termed ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Organic carbon produced within an ecosystem is...

Question 7

Net primary ________ is the energy available to the heterotrophic component of the ecosystem.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Net primary ________ is the energy available...

Question 8

Plants assimilate energy through the process of

Accepted Answer

Plants assimilate energy through the process of photosynthesis, where they use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to create glucose and release oxygen.

Choice A (decomposition) is incorrect because decomposition is the breakdown of organic matter by bacteria and fungi, not the assimilation of energy by plants.

Choice B (respiration) is also incorrect because while respiration is a process by which plants (and other organisms) generate energy, it is not how plants assimilate energy. Respiration involves breaking down glucose into energy in the presence of oxygen.

Choice D (regeneration) is incorrect because regeneration refers to the regrowth of a plant or part of a plant, and not the process of assimilating energy.

Question 9

A(n)________ chemical reaction must absorb energy in order to proceed.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A(n)________ chemical reaction must absorb energy in...

Question 10

Net primary productivity in an ecosystem increases as mean annual temperature

Accepted Answer

Net primary productivity generally increases with both mean annual temperature and mean annual rainfall, as these conditions typically provide the energy and water necessary for photosynthesis and plant growth.

Question 11

Which ecosystem has the highest actual evapotranspiration?

Accepted Answer

Pine forests typically have the highest actual evapotranspiration because they have a high density of trees with large surface areas for transpiration, and the trees also intercept a lot of precipitation. This leads to more water being lost through evaporation and transpiration in pine forests compared to other ecosystems, such as deserts or grasslands.

Question 12

For photosynthesis and productivity to occur,a plant must open its ________ to take in carbon dioxide.

Accepted Answer

The answer of For photosynthesis and productivity to occur,a plant...

Question 13

The ________ law of thermodynamics states that when energy is transferred or transformed,part of the energy assumes a form that cannot pass on any further.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ________ law of thermodynamics states that...

Question 14

Within any ecosystem,the two major food chains are the ________ food chain and the grazing food chain.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Within any ecosystem,the two major food chains...

Question 15

Which of the following formulas are correct regarding productivity?

Accepted Answer

GPP (Gross Primary Productivity) is the total amount of energy produced by photosynthesis in an ecosystem, while R (Respiration) is the amount of energy used by the ecosystem's plants and animals. NPP (Net Primary Productivity) is the amount of energy remaining after respiration is subtracted from GPP. Therefore, the correct formula for productivity is GPP - R = NPP. Option B is the correct choice as it shows that the amount of energy left after respiration has been taken into account, which is NPP.

Question 16

According to the first law of thermodynamics,

Accepted Answer

The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or converted from one form to another. Therefore, option D is the correct answer. Option A talks about exothermic reactions, which may or may not happen, and option B talks about the tendency of entropy to increase, which is described by the second law of thermodynamics. Option C mentions potential energy, which again is not a generalization of the first law of thermodynamics.

Question 17

________ primary productivity is the total rate of photosynthesis or energy assimilated by plants.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ primary productivity is the total rate...

Question 18

A chemical reaction requires energy to proceed.This would be

Accepted Answer

Endothermic reactions require energy input to proceed, while exothermic reactions release energy. Entropy refers to the measure of disorder in a system, and kinetic energy refers to the energy of motion.

Question 19

An ecologist studying productivity in a sample of grasses measures gross primary productivity as 1000 kcal/m2/yr and autotrophic respiration as 100 kcal/m2/yr.Based on these calculations,the net primary productivity would be

Accepted Answer

Net primary productivity (NPP) is calculated by subtracting the energy used by the plant for its own metabolism, known as autotrophic respiration, from the gross primary productivity (GPP).

NPP = GPP - autotrophic respiration

In this case, 
NPP = 1000 kcal/m2/yr - 100 kcal/m2/yr 
NPP = 900 kcal/m2/yr

Therefore, the answer is B) 900 kcal/m2/yr.

Question 20

The amount of accumulated organic matter found in an area at a given time is the ________ crop biomass.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The amount of accumulated organic matter found...

Quiz 20: Ecosystem Energetics