Question 1

A fruit is usually

Accepted Answer

A fruit is usually a mature ovary, which develops from the flower ovary after fertilization. The ovary contains ovules which develop into seeds when fertilized, and the ovary wall thickens and matures into the fruit.

Question 2

The taller a Brazil nut tree is, 1. the more valuable it is as a source of lumber.
2) the less useful it is to harpy eagles.
3) the greater its photosynthetic rate relative to neighboring plants.

Accepted Answer

Brazil nut trees, being taller, can access more sunlight than their neighbors, increasing their photosynthetic rate. Their height does not inherently increase their lumber value or decrease their usefulness to harpy eagles.

Question 3

The adaptive advantage associated with the filamentous nature of fungal mycelia is primarily related to

Accepted Answer

The filamentous nature of fungal mycelia provides an extensive surface area well-suited for invasive growth and absorptive nutrition. This allows for efficient nutrient acquisition and exploration of diverse habitats. It also facilitates the exchange of genetic material and the formation of partnerships with other organisms, making it possible to adapt and respond to changing environmental conditions.

Question 4

A fruit is usually

Accepted Answer

A fruit is typically defined as a mature ovary, which develops after fertilization.

Question 5

Among the organisms listed here, which are thought to be the closest relatives of fungi?

Accepted Answer

Fungi are more closely related to animals than to any other group of organisms, as both belong to the clade Opisthokonta.

Question 6

All fungi are

Accepted Answer

Fungi are heterotrophic, meaning they cannot make their own food and must obtain their nutrients from organic substances.

Question 7

The adaptive advantage associated with the filamentous nature of fungal mycelia is primarily related to

Accepted Answer

The filamentous nature of fungal mycelia provides an extensive surface area well suited for invasive growth and absorptive nutrition, which gives fungi an adaptive advantage in obtaining nutrients from their environment. This extensive surface area also increases the probability of contact between different mating types, which is important for sexual reproduction in some fungal species. However, this is not the primary advantage associated with the filamentous nature of fungal mycelia. Choices A, B, and C do not relate to the adaptive advantage of the filamentous nature of fungal mycelia.

Question 8

Ecologists often build models to depict the relationships between organisms. In such models, an arrow is used to link two organisms in a relationship. The arrowhead is next to the organism that is affected. If the effect is positive, the arrow is labeled with (+), and if negative, then the label is (-). Which of the following models best illustrates the relationship of the Brazil nut tree and the other organisms associated with it?

Accepted Answer

The arrow from the Brazil nut tree to the bees has a (+) label, indicating a mutualistic relationship where the tree provides bees with food in exchange for pollination. The arrow from the trees to the agouti has a (-) label, indicating a predator–prey relationship where the agouti eats the nuts. The arrow from the trees to the fungi has a (+) label, indicating a mutualistic relationship where the fungi help the tree absorb nutrients. The arrow from the birds to the trees has a (+) label, indicating a mutualistic relationship where the birds help spread the tree's seeds. The arrow from the wasps to the tree has a (-) label, indicating a parasitic relationship where the wasps lay their eggs in the nuts, damaging them.

Question 9

Entrepreneurs attempted, but failed, to harvest nuts from plantations grown in Southeast Asia. Attempts to grow Brazil nut trees in South American plantations also failed. In both cases, the trees grew vigorously, produced healthy flowers in profusion, but set no fruit. Consequently, what is the likely source of the problem?

Accepted Answer

The fact that the trees grew vigorously and produced healthy flowers in profusion but did not set any fruit suggests that the problem is with pollination. Pollination failure is the most likely source of the problem in both cases.

Question 10

Ecologists often build models to depict the relationships between organisms. In such models, an arrow is used to link two organisms in a relationship. The arrowhead is next to the organism that is affected. If the effect is positive, the arrow is labeled with (+), and if negative, then the label is (-). Capuchin monkeys have been known to use rocks to smash open the fruits of Brazil nut trees. On the rare occasions this has been observed, the monkeys consume all of the Brazil nuts. Thus, which of the following correctly depicts the relationship between capuchin monkeys and Brazil nut trees?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ecologists often build models to depict the...

Question 11

Which of the following characteristics of plants is absent in their closest relatives, the charophyte algae?

Accepted Answer

Alternation of generations is a characteristic of plants that involves a life cycle with both a multicellular diploid phase and a multicellular haploid phase, which is not present in charophyte algae.

Question 12

Among the organisms listed here, which are thought to be the closest relatives of fungi?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Among the organisms listed here, which are...

Question 13

The same bees that pollinate the flowers of the Brazil nut trees pollinate orchids, which are epiphytes (in other words, plants that grow on other plants); however, orchids cannot grow on Brazil nut trees. These observations explain

Accepted Answer

Brazil nut trees require specific pollinators that also pollinate orchids, and these pollinators may not be present in monoculture plantations, preventing fruit set.

Quiz 26: The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

A fruit is usually

The taller a Brazil nut tree is, 1. the more valuable it is as a source of lumber. 2) the less useful it is to harpy eagles. 3) the greater its photosynthetic rate relative to neighboring plants.

The adaptive advantage associated with the filamentous nature of fungal mycelia is primarily related to

A fruit is usually

Among the organisms listed here, which are thought to be the closest relatives of fungi?

All fungi are

The adaptive advantage associated with the filamentous nature of fungal mycelia is primarily related to

Which of the following characteristics of plants is absent in their closest relatives, the charophyte algae?

Among the organisms listed here, which are thought to be the closest relatives of fungi?

The same bees that pollinate the flowers of the Brazil nut trees pollinate orchids, which are epiphytes (in other words, plants that grow on other plants) ; however, orchids cannot grow on Brazil nut trees. These observations explain