Question 1

Please use the following information to answer the question(s) below.
The effect of invasive species on the diversity of communities can be large, and protecting native communities from the invasion of non-native species is often a priority for conservation. You conduct an experiment to study how the impact that invasive plant species have on the diversity of plant communities varies as a function of distance from the source of the invasive species. In this experiment, you create five communities with equal numbers of three native plant species at the beginning. Each of these communities is located at increasing distances from a large patch of an invasive species. You and your research assistant return 1 year later to measure the relative abundance of each species. The results are shown in the table.
Relative Abundance 
-The biological hypothesis for your experiment is based on the model of island biogeography. What is the independent variable of your experiment?

Accepted Answer

The independent variable in this experiment is the distance from the source patch of invasive species. The other variables (plant communities, relative abundance of the plant species, and the length of time) are constants within the experiment. The study is testing how distance from the source of invasive species affects the diversity of plant communities.

Question 2

The feeding relationships among the species in a community determine the community's

Accepted Answer

The trophic structure refers to the feeding relationships and energy flow among the species in a community. Therefore, it is the feeding relationships among the species that determine the trophic structure of the community. Choices A, B, and C are not directly related to the feeding relationships among the species.

Question 3

Use the diagram in Figure 41.4 of five islands formed at around the same time near a particular mainland, as well as MacArthur and Wilson's island biogeography principles, to answer the following question(s).  Figure 41.4
-Which island would likely have the greatest species diversity?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Use the diagram in Figure 41.4 of...

Question 4

Figure 41.3
Examine the diagram of a hypothetical food web in Figure 41.3. The arrows represent the transfer of energy between the various trophic levels. Which letter represents an organism that could be a primary producer?

Accepted Answer

The answer of  Figure 41.3
Examine the diagram of a...

Question 5

Connell conducted this experiment to learn more about

Accepted Answer

The experiment was conducted to study competitive exclusion between two species of barnacles and how it affects their distribution in different habitats.

Question 6

Please use the following information to answer the question(s) below.
The symbols +, -, and 0 are to be used to show the results of interactions between individuals and groups of individuals in the examples that follow. The symbol + denotes a positive interaction, - denotes a negative interaction, and 0 denotes an interaction that has no effect on the individuals involved. The first symbol refers to the first organism mentioned.
-What interactions exist between a bee and a flower?

Accepted Answer

Bees and flowers have a mutualistic relationship, where the bee benefits by collecting nectar and pollen while the flower benefits by being pollinated. Therefore, the interaction is positive for both the bee and the flower, resulting in a +/+ relationship.

Question 7

Figure 41.2
Examine Figure 41.2. According to the Shannon diversity index, which block shows the greatest diversity?

Accepted Answer

The answer of  Figure 41.2
Examine Figure 41.2. According to...

Question 8

Please use the following information to answer the question(s) below.
The symbols +, -, and 0 are to be used to show the results of interactions between individuals and groups of individuals in the examples that follow. The symbol + denotes a positive interaction, - denotes a negative interaction, and 0 denotes an interaction that has no effect on the individuals involved. The first symbol refers to the first organism mentioned.
-What interactions exist between the cattle egret and grazing cattle?

Accepted Answer

The cattle egret benefits from the relationship by feeding on insects that are disturbed when the cattle graze, which is a positive interaction for the egret (+). The grazing cattle are not affected by the presence of the egrets, which is a neutral interaction for the cattle (0).

Question 9

Please use the following information to answer the question(s) below.
The symbols +, -, and 0 are to be used to show the results of interactions between individuals and groups of individuals in the examples that follow. The symbol + denotes a positive interaction, - denotes a negative interaction, and 0 denotes an interaction that has no effect on the individuals involved. The first symbol refers to the first organism mentioned.
-What interactions exist between cellulose-digesting organisms in the gut of a termite and the termite?

Accepted Answer

The cellulose-digesting organisms in the gut of a termite provide a benefit to the termite by breaking down the cellulose in the wood that the termite eats, allowing the termite to extract nutrients from it. In turn, the termite provides a habitat and source of food for the cellulose-digesting organisms, creating a mutualistic relationship where both organisms benefit. Therefore, the interaction can be described as +/+.

Question 10

Based on the intermediate disturbance hypothesis, a community's species diversity is increased by

Accepted Answer

According to the intermediate disturbance hypothesis, moderate levels of disturbance can actually increase species diversity by preventing the domination of one or a few species and creating opportunities for other species to colonize and thrive. Frequent massive disturbance can disrupt and even eliminate entire species, while stable conditions with no disturbance can also limit diversity by allowing dominant species to monopolize resources. Human intervention to eliminate disturbance can also have negative impacts on species diversity.

Question 11

Use the diagram in Figure 41.4 of five islands formed at around the same time near a particular mainland, as well as MacArthur and Wilson's island biogeography principles, to answer the following question(s).  Figure 41.4
-Which island would likely exhibit the most impoverished species diversity?

Accepted Answer

Island C would likely exhibit the most impoverished species diversity due to the principles of island biogeography, which suggest that smaller islands and those further from the mainland have lower species diversity. Island C, being the smallest and furthest from the mainland, fits these criteria.

Question 12

Which of the following could qualify as a top-down control on a grassland community?

Accepted Answer

Grazing intensity by bison is a top-down control because it involves the impact of a higher trophic level (herbivores) on the abundance and diversity of lower trophic levels (plants). The other options (A, B, and C) are all examples of bottom-up controls, where abiotic factors such as rainfall, temperature, and soil nutrients directly influence the growth and abundance of plant populations.

Question 13

Use the diagram in Figure 41.4 of five islands formed at around the same time near a particular mainland, as well as MacArthur and Wilson's island biogeography principles, to answer the following question(s).  Figure 41.4
-Which island would likely have the lowest extinction rate?

Accepted Answer

According to MacArthur-Wilson's island biogeography theory, smaller islands have a higher extinction rate than larger islands because they have less habitat and resources to support populations. Island A is the largest of the five islands, so it is likely to have the lowest extinction rate.

Question 14

Please use the following information to answer the question(s) below.
The symbols +, -, and 0 are to be used to show the results of interactions between individuals and groups of individuals in the examples that follow. The symbol + denotes a positive interaction, - denotes a negative interaction, and 0 denotes an interaction that has no effect on the individuals involved. The first symbol refers to the first organism mentioned.
-What interactions exist between a tick on a dog and the dog?

Accepted Answer

The tick benefits (+) by feeding on the dog's blood, but the dog is harmed (-) by the parasitic tick's presence and potential transmission of diseases.

Question 15

Please use the following information to answer the question(s) below.
The effect of invasive species on the diversity of communities can be large, and protecting native communities from the invasion of non-native species is often a priority for conservation. You conduct an experiment to study how the impact that invasive plant species have on the diversity of plant communities varies as a function of distance from the source of the invasive species. In this experiment, you create five communities with equal numbers of three native plant species at the beginning. Each of these communities is located at increasing distances from a large patch of an invasive species. You and your research assistant return 1 year later to measure the relative abundance of each species. The results are shown in the table.
Relative Abundance 
-Your research assistant forgets to label the distance at which each community was located. While you wait for your assistant to go back and check on the correct labels, you attempt to match the communities to their distances based on the results. Predict the order of the communities from closest to farthest from the source patch of invasive species.

Accepted Answer

The order of the communities from closest to farthest from the source patch of invasive species is 5, 4, 3, 2, 1. This is because the distance from the source patch is inversely proportional to the number of the community.

Question 16

Chthamalus and Balanus belong to the same trophic level. Based on this information and their distributions in the low tide zone in Connell's experiment, what is the best way to represent the interaction between the two species?

Accepted Answer

Chthamalus and Balanus compete for the same resources, and their distribution in the low tide zone indicates that they have a negative interaction (-/-).

Question 17

The oak tree pathogen Phytophthora ramorum has migrated 800 km in 15 years. West Nile virus spread from New York State to 46 other states in 5 years. The difference in the rate of spread is probably related to

Accepted Answer

The difference in the rate of spread is likely due to the mobility of their hosts. Phytophthora ramorum infects oak trees, which are relatively immobile, while West Nile virus infects birds and mosquitoes, which are highly mobile and can quickly spread the virus over long distances.

Question 18

Please use the following information to answer the question(s) below.
The symbols +, -, and 0 are to be used to show the results of interactions between individuals and groups of individuals in the examples that follow. The symbol + denotes a positive interaction, - denotes a negative interaction, and 0 denotes an interaction that has no effect on the individuals involved. The first symbol refers to the first organism mentioned.
-What interactions exist between mycorrhizae and evergreen tree roots?

Accepted Answer

Mycorrhizae form a mutualistic relationship with evergreen tree roots, in which both organisms benefit. The mycorrhizae help the trees absorb more water and nutrients from the soil, while the tree provides the mycorrhizae with carbohydrates. Therefore, the interaction can be represented by +/+.

Question 19

Please use the following information to answer the question(s) below.
The effect of invasive species on the diversity of communities can be large, and protecting native communities from the invasion of non-native species is often a priority for conservation. You conduct an experiment to study how the impact that invasive plant species have on the diversity of plant communities varies as a function of distance from the source of the invasive species. In this experiment, you create five communities with equal numbers of three native plant species at the beginning. Each of these communities is located at increasing distances from a large patch of an invasive species. You and your research assistant return 1 year later to measure the relative abundance of each species. The results are shown in the table.
Relative Abundance 
-How would you calculate the final Shannon diversity index for each community?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Please use the following information to answer...

Question 20

Please use the following information to answer the question(s) below.
The symbols +, -, and 0 are to be used to show the results of interactions between individuals and groups of individuals in the examples that follow. The symbol + denotes a positive interaction, - denotes a negative interaction, and 0 denotes an interaction that has no effect on the individuals involved. The first symbol refers to the first organism mentioned.
-What interactions exist between a lion pride and a hyena pack if they utilize the same food sources?

Accepted Answer

Lions and hyenas both compete for the same food sources, leading to a competitive (-/-) interaction where both species may be negatively affected by this competition for resources.

Quiz 41: Species Interactions

The feeding relationships among the species in a community determine the community's

Use the diagram in Figure 41.4 of five islands formed at around the same time near a particular mainland, as well as MacArthur and Wilson's island biogeography principles, to answer the following question(s) . Figure 41.4 -Which island would likely have the greatest species diversity?

Figure 41.3 Examine the diagram of a hypothetical food web in Figure 41.3. The arrows represent the transfer of energy between the various trophic levels. Which letter represents an organism that could be a primary producer?

Connell conducted this experiment to learn more about

Figure 41.2 Examine Figure 41.2. According to the Shannon diversity index, which block shows the greatest diversity?

Based on the intermediate disturbance hypothesis, a community's species diversity is increased by

Use the diagram in Figure 41.4 of five islands formed at around the same time near a particular mainland, as well as MacArthur and Wilson's island biogeography principles, to answer the following question(s) . Figure 41.4 -Which island would likely exhibit the most impoverished species diversity?

Which of the following could qualify as a top-down control on a grassland community?

Use the diagram in Figure 41.4 of five islands formed at around the same time near a particular mainland, as well as MacArthur and Wilson's island biogeography principles, to answer the following question(s) . Figure 41.4 -Which island would likely have the lowest extinction rate?

Chthamalus and Balanus belong to the same trophic level. Based on this information and their distributions in the low tide zone in Connell's experiment, what is the best way to represent the interaction between the two species?

The oak tree pathogen Phytophthora ramorum has migrated 800 km in 15 years. West Nile virus spread from New York State to 46 other states in 5 years. The difference in the rate of spread is probably related to