Question 1

Steven Karau and Kipling Williams (1993)reviewed more than 150 studies on social loafing,and found that the tendency to loaf is stronger in men than in women.Why is this true,according to work by Eagly (1987)and Wood (1987)?

Accepted Answer

Eagly (1987) and Wood (1987) found that women tend to be higher in relational interdependence, meaning they place a greater emphasis on connections with others and are therefore more motivated to contribute to group efforts. Men, on the other hand, tend to be socialized to value individual achievement and may be more likely to engage in social loafing as a result.

Question 2

Research by Gardner and Knowles (2008)illustrated that even the presence of impacted performance such that participants did better on ____ tasks and worse on ____ tasks.

Accepted Answer

The research by Gardner and Knowles (2008) showed that participants performed better on simple tasks when their favorite TV character was present, but worse on complex tasks. Therefore, the best choice is D - a favorite TV character for simple tasks and complex tasks.

Question 3

The resident assistant of a campus residence hall notices that when a team of five students is assigned to bathroom duty,the bathrooms are not as well cleaned as when only one student is assigned to clean them.What phenomenon does this example illustrate?

Accepted Answer

This example illustrates the phenomenon of social loafing, where individuals in a group may exert less effort on a task compared to when they are working alone. This could be due to a diffusion of responsibility or a belief that their individual efforts will not be noticed or valued in a group setting.

Question 4

One reason why people may engage in social loafing in groups is that they feel

Accepted Answer

Social loafing occurs when an individual reduces their effort in a group because they feel less personally responsible for the outcome. They feel that their contribution will not be noticed or valued, which can lead to a decrease in effort. Therefore, feeling less noticeable is a common reason why people engage in social loafing.

Question 5

You are a member of a group of 5 people whose task it is to address and stuff 1,000 envelopes for mailing.Research on ____ suggests that it would be better to give each person 200 envelopes to address alone,whereas research on ____ suggests that it would be better to have everyone work on the task together in the same room.

Accepted Answer

Research on social loafing suggests that individuals may exert less effort when working in a group, so assigning each person 200 envelopes individually can help mitigate this. Social facilitation suggests that people perform better on tasks when in the presence of others, so working together in the same room might enhance performance.

Question 6

All things being equal, ____ from ____ cultures would be most likely to engage in social loafing.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that men from Western cultures tend to engage in more social loafing than women and people from non-Western cultures. This could be due to cultural values that prioritize individualism and competition over collectivism and group harmony.

Question 7

Group or team learning activities are becoming more common in the university setting.That is,professors often assign students to work in groups.Given what you know about social loafing,what advice would you give a professor who is considering using group learning activities?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Group or team learning activities are becoming...

Question 8

One reason why the presence of others is arousing is that it can be ____,which is a very cognitive explanation as to why people tend to perform worse at more difficult tasks in the presence of others.

Accepted Answer

The presence of others can be distracting, especially during more difficult tasks, which can lead to increased arousal and potentially worse performance.

Question 9

____ refers to the tendency of people to do worse on simple tasks and better on complex tasks when they are in the presence of others and when their individual performance cannot be evaluated.

Accepted Answer

Social loafing refers to the phenomenon where individuals exert less effort on a task when they are in a group and their individual performance is not evaluated, often leading to poorer performance on simple tasks and sometimes better performance on complex tasks due to reduced pressure.

Question 10

In order to predict whether the presence of others will help or hinder performance,one needs two pieces of information: whether ____ and whether ____.

Accepted Answer

The presence of others can affect performance through social facilitation or social inhibition. The key factors are whether individual performance can be evaluated and the complexity of the task. Simple tasks are generally performed better in the presence of others, while complex tasks may suffer.

Question 11

You are a project manager at your company,and you must choose the last member of your team.Which of the following people would be the least likely to social loaf?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that people from collectivist cultures, such as Vietnam, are less likely to engage in social loafing. Therefore, Tran would be the least likely to social loaf.

Question 12

When a crowd of people clap or cheer,it is difficult to tell just how loud each individual is applauding or cheering.If people tend to clap louder when they are alone than when they are in a crowd,they are probably engaging in

Accepted Answer

Social loafing refers to people exerting less effort when they are in a group compared to when they are working alone. Therefore, if people are clapping less loudly in a crowd than they would if clapping alone, this is an example of social loafing.

Question 13

Both social facilitation and social loafing are examples of the influence that the presence of others has on our behaviors.These phenomena differ,however,in that presence of others ____ in social facilitation situations and in ____ social loafing situations.

Accepted Answer

Social facilitation occurs when the presence of others enhances our performance on simple or well-learned tasks, which increases our level of arousal. In contrast, social loafing occurs when the presence of others decreases our individual effort and performance on group tasks, which decreases our level of arousal.

Question 14

Social loafing is likely to impair performance ____ and to enhance performance ____.

Accepted Answer

Social loafing refers to the tendency of individuals to exert less effort when working in a group setting compared to working alone. This effect tends to be more prominent on simple tasks, where individual effort is less noticeable and the effect of others' effort is more diluted. On more complex tasks, where individual effort can have a greater impact on overall performance, social loafing is less likely to occur and may even be reduced. Therefore, social loafing impairs performance on simple tasks (option B) and enhances performance on complex tasks.

Question 15

According to the authors of your text,which of the following factors can help to predict how likely a person is to social loaf?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the authors of your text,which...

Question 16

Many Asian cultures are collectivistic; that is,they tend to place a greater emphasis on the welfare of the group than on the individual.Conversely,Western cultures tend to stress individual performance more than that of the group.A reasonable hypothesis would be that the social loafing effect is

Accepted Answer

Social loafing, the tendency for individuals to exert less effort when working in a group, is generally stronger in Western cultures where individual performance is emphasized, as opposed to collectivistic cultures where group welfare is prioritized.

Question 17

Professor Smith has long used group projects in her courses.The groups have always performed extraordinarily well,and students seem to learn a great deal from such projects.Having just taken a new job at a different college,Dr.Smith finds that the group projects are of considerably lower quality.What might you conclude given the work of Karau and Williams (1993)?

Accepted Answer

Karau and Williams (1993) found that men, more than women, tend to engage in social loafing in group settings, which could explain the lower quality of group projects at the new college if it is a men's college compared to a women's college.

Question 18

Your roommate really detests studying in a quiet solitary space.Based on research by Gardner and Knowles (2008),what would you recommend your roommate do while studying for a difficult exam?

Accepted Answer

According to Gardner and Knowles (2008), the best environment for effective studying is one that has moderate noise levels and familiar but non-distracting stimuli. Having the TV on in the background is a good compromise for your roommate who detests quiet solitary spaces, but it is important that the shows being watched are not too familiar or distracting. Option C suggests watching shows where none of the characters are really known, which provides enough stimuli to satisfy your roommate's need for noise without causing unnecessary distractions.

Question 19

Which of the following individuals is most likely to engage in social loafing?

Accepted Answer

Social loafing occurs when individuals exert less effort when working in a group compared to when working alone. Out of the given choices, washing a car with friends is the most likely scenario where social loafing can occur as there is less accountability for individual effort and contribution. Amanda working alone, Phoebe working on a difficult assignment with classmates, and Danny struggling alone are less likely to engage in social loafing as they are either working alone or in a situation where individual contribution is more visible.

Question 20

Complete the analogy: social facilitation is to ____ as social loafing is to ____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Complete the analogy: social facilitation is to...

Quiz 9: Group Processes: Influence in Social Groups

Steven Karau and Kipling Williams (1993) reviewed more than 150 studies on social loafing,and found that the tendency to loaf is stronger in men than in women.Why is this true,according to work by Eagly (1987) and Wood (1987) ?

Research by Gardner and Knowles (2008) illustrated that even the presence of impacted performance such that participants did better on tasks and worse on tasks.

The resident assistant of a campus residence hall notices that when a team of five students is assigned to bathroom duty,the bathrooms are not as well cleaned as when only one student is assigned to clean them.What phenomenon does this example illustrate?

One reason why people may engage in social loafing in groups is that they feel

All things being equal, from cultures would be most likely to engage in social loafing.

Group or team learning activities are becoming more common in the university setting.That is,professors often assign students to work in groups.Given what you know about social loafing,what advice would you give a professor who is considering using group learning activities?

One reason why the presence of others is arousing is that it can be ____,which is a very cognitive explanation as to why people tend to perform worse at more difficult tasks in the presence of others.

____ refers to the tendency of people to do worse on simple tasks and better on complex tasks when they are in the presence of others and when their individual performance cannot be evaluated.

In order to predict whether the presence of others will help or hinder performance,one needs two pieces of information: whether and whether .

You are a project manager at your company,and you must choose the last member of your team.Which of the following people would be the least likely to social loaf?

When a crowd of people clap or cheer,it is difficult to tell just how loud each individual is applauding or cheering.If people tend to clap louder when they are alone than when they are in a crowd,they are probably engaging in

Both social facilitation and social loafing are examples of the influence that the presence of others has on our behaviors.These phenomena differ,however,in that presence of others in social facilitation situations and in social loafing situations.

Social loafing is likely to impair performance and to enhance performance .

According to the authors of your text,which of the following factors can help to predict how likely a person is to social loaf?

Many Asian cultures are collectivistic; that is,they tend to place a greater emphasis on the welfare of the group than on the individual.Conversely,Western cultures tend to stress individual performance more than that of the group.A reasonable hypothesis would be that the social loafing effect is

Your roommate really detests studying in a quiet solitary space.Based on research by Gardner and Knowles (2008) ,what would you recommend your roommate do while studying for a difficult exam?

Which of the following individuals is most likely to engage in social loafing?

Complete the analogy: social facilitation is to as social loafing is to .

Quiz 9: Group Processes: Influence in Social Groups

Steven Karau and Kipling Williams (1993) reviewed more than 150 studies on social loafing,and found that the tendency to loaf is stronger in men than in women.Why is this true,according to work by Eagly (1987) and Wood (1987) ?

Research by Gardner and Knowles (2008) illustrated that even the presence of impacted performance such that participants did better on ____ tasks and worse on ____ tasks.

The resident assistant of a campus residence hall notices that when a team of five students is assigned to bathroom duty,the bathrooms are not as well cleaned as when only one student is assigned to clean them.What phenomenon does this example illustrate?

One reason why people may engage in social loafing in groups is that they feel

All things being equal, ____ from ____ cultures would be most likely to engage in social loafing.

Group or team learning activities are becoming more common in the university setting.That is,professors often assign students to work in groups.Given what you know about social loafing,what advice would you give a professor who is considering using group learning activities?

One reason why the presence of others is arousing is that it can be ____,which is a very cognitive explanation as to why people tend to perform worse at more difficult tasks in the presence of others.

____ refers to the tendency of people to do worse on simple tasks and better on complex tasks when they are in the presence of others and when their individual performance cannot be evaluated.

In order to predict whether the presence of others will help or hinder performance,one needs two pieces of information: whether ____ and whether ____.

You are a project manager at your company,and you must choose the last member of your team.Which of the following people would be the least likely to social loaf?

When a crowd of people clap or cheer,it is difficult to tell just how loud each individual is applauding or cheering.If people tend to clap louder when they are alone than when they are in a crowd,they are probably engaging in

Both social facilitation and social loafing are examples of the influence that the presence of others has on our behaviors.These phenomena differ,however,in that presence of others ____ in social facilitation situations and in ____ social loafing situations.

Social loafing is likely to impair performance ____ and to enhance performance ____.

According to the authors of your text,which of the following factors can help to predict how likely a person is to social loaf?

Many Asian cultures are collectivistic; that is,they tend to place a greater emphasis on the welfare of the group than on the individual.Conversely,Western cultures tend to stress individual performance more than that of the group.A reasonable hypothesis would be that the social loafing effect is

Your roommate really detests studying in a quiet solitary space.Based on research by Gardner and Knowles (2008) ,what would you recommend your roommate do while studying for a difficult exam?

Which of the following individuals is most likely to engage in social loafing?

Complete the analogy: social facilitation is to ____ as social loafing is to ____.

Research by Gardner and Knowles (2008) illustrated that even the presence of impacted performance such that participants did better on tasks and worse on tasks.

All things being equal, from cultures would be most likely to engage in social loafing.

In order to predict whether the presence of others will help or hinder performance,one needs two pieces of information: whether and whether .

Both social facilitation and social loafing are examples of the influence that the presence of others has on our behaviors.These phenomena differ,however,in that presence of others in social facilitation situations and in social loafing situations.

Social loafing is likely to impair performance and to enhance performance .

Complete the analogy: social facilitation is to as social loafing is to .