Question 1

Dr. Vela is studying comorbid substance use disorders and anxiety disorders among African Americans, Caucasians, Hispanic Americans, and Native Americans between 15 years and 65 years of age. Dr. Vela is using a:

Accepted Answer

Dr. Vela is studying multiple groups of people, making it a multigroup design.

Question 2

Juan is interested in his peers' responses in reaction to spiders. He designs an experimental paradigm where he has fake spiders and real spiders and then monitors his peers' fear responses. Based on Juan's design which variable is the dependent variable (DV)?

Accepted Answer

The dependent variable is the variable being measured or observed in an experiment, and in this case, fear responses are being measured. The type of spider, diagnosis of arachnophobia, and age of peers are all independent variables that are being manipulated or observed in relation to the fear responses.

Question 3

Dr. Pinner is interested in studying the association between likeability and popularity and plans on using two groups and three levels of the independent variable. Dr. Pinner is likely to find:

Accepted Answer

A functional relationship is likely to be found when studying associations with multiple levels of an independent variable, as it allows for more complex interactions beyond simple linear relationships.

Question 4

Dr. Henries decided that it would be too difficult and costly to assess all bilingual students among three states receiving federal funding for bilingual studies. Dr. Henries serves as an advisor to the bilingual club on campus as well as advisor to the foreign-language students. Dr. Henries's most cost efficient and timely option for sampling would be:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dr. Henries decided that it would be...

Question 5

Why was it so important for participants not to sign the petition in the "Cool Earth" bill and for fake signatures to be included on the petition in the research study discussed in the text?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why was it so important for participants...

Question 6

If Professor Adams decides to use students in all of his sociology classes for his research, he is using what type of sampling procedure?

Accepted Answer

Professor Adams is using convenience sampling because he is selecting students who are easily accessible to him, rather than randomly selecting from the entire population of sociology students. This type of sampling can lead to biased results as it may not be representative of the entire population.

Question 7

Ramona includes multiple distractor questions in the questionnaire she is developing about relationship satisfaction. These distractor questions are to help counteract:

Accepted Answer

Distractor questions are used to prevent participants from guessing the hypothesis of the study, which could influence their responses and affect the validity of the results.

Question 8

Knowing what you know about sample bias, which would be the best and most representative sample to address the following research question: Does an individual's geographic origin and age affect their political affiliations?

Accepted Answer

A random sample from each state and a wide age range ensures diverse geographic and age representation, reducing sample bias.

Question 9

Ricardo develops a research study to help answer his research question: Do individuals in the northeast part of the United States have a different dialect than individuals in the southern part of the United States? He interviews individuals from Louisiana and Mississippi as well as from Maine and New Hampshire. He is interested in studying their dialects. He interviews 30 individuals in each of two age groups: 15-30 years of age and 31-75 years of age. He has all participants read and record a preselected passage three times. He then codes their dialects based on a coding system and has two other researchers code the dialects as well. Based on this information which of the following would be considered the dependent variable (DV)?

Accepted Answer

The dependent variable (DV) is the variable that is being measured and studied in the research study. In this case, the variable being measured and studied is the dialect coding. The geographic origin and age of participants are the independent variables (IVs) being manipulated, while the gender of participants is not mentioned as a variable being studied.

Question 10

Mr. McGrew is interested in the various types of butterflies throughout the United States. He is most interested in the differences among butterflies with origins in New England, the gulf states, the midwestern states, and the western states. Mr. McGrew is using a:

Accepted Answer

A multigroup design would allow Mr. McGrew to compare and contrast the different groups of butterflies by region.

Question 11

Which of the following would NOT be helpful in reducing social desirability bias in participant responding?

Accepted Answer

Informing participants how important the study is and what the researcher hopes to find may actually increase social desirability bias by making participants feel the need to provide responses that they believe will help the researcher or align with the study's goals. The other options (A-C) are all helpful in reducing social desirability bias by promoting honesty and reducing the perceived social pressure to respond in a certain way.

Question 12

Dion is interested in study individual's affinity for warm weather. He decides to sample residents of Miami, Florida, and randomly selects individuals on the beach to complete his survey. Dion's study most likely suffers from:

Accepted Answer

Dion's study suffers from sample bias as he has only chosen individuals on the beach in Miami, Florida. This sample is not representative of the entire population and may skew results. To minimize sample bias, Dion should have used a random sampling technique that includes people from various locations and backgrounds.

Question 13

Which of the following would be helpful in reducing the chance of hypothesis-guessing on a measure?

Accepted Answer

Including distractor questions can help to divert participants' attention away from the true purpose of the study and reduce the chance of hypothesis-guessing. A and B are not necessarily helpful in reducing hypothesis-guessing, as participants may still be able to detect the purpose of the study regardless of the length of the measure. D relates to the reliability of the measure, but does not directly address the issue of hypothesis-guessing.

Question 14

Deandre is new teacher at a local elementary school. He decides to conduct a brief study testing the fifth graders knowledge of science at the beginning of the school year and at the end of the school year. He will randomly assign students to either a "hands-on" science group that does experiments with each lesson plan or to a "video" science group that assigns videos and online tutorials in support of the science lesson plans. Based on this information which of the following would be considered the independent variable (IV)?

Accepted Answer

The independent variable (IV) is the variable that is manipulated or changed by the experimenter in order to see its effect on the dependent variable. In this case, the experimenter is manipulating the types of science groups by randomly assigning students to either the "hands-on" science group or the "video" science group. Therefore, the types of science group is the independent variable.

Question 15

Self-report measures could unintentionally introduce all of the following into a study, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Systematic error is not introduced by self-report measures unintentionally; it refers to consistent, predictable errors in measurement that are not related to the participants' responses or behaviors but rather to the measurement tool or procedure itself.

Question 16

Deandre is new teacher at a local elementary school. He decides to conduct a brief study testing the fifth graders knowledge of science at the beginning of the school year and at the end of the school year. He will randomly assign students to either a "hands-on" science group that does experiments with each lesson plan or to a "video" science group that assigns videos and online tutorials in support of the science lesson plans. Based on this information which of the following would be considered the dependent variable (DV)?

Accepted Answer

The dependent variable (DV) is the variable that is being measured or tested in an experiment. In this study, the pretest and posttest of science knowledge is the variable that is being measured and compared between the "hands-on" and "video" science groups. Therefore, the correct answer is B. A is the independent variable (IV) because Deandre is manipulating it by assigning students to different science groups. C and D are not relevant variables in this study.

Question 17

Ricardo develops a research study to help answer his research question: Do individuals in the northeast part of the United States have a different dialect than individuals in the southern part of the United States? He interviews individuals from Louisiana and Mississippi as well as from Maine and New Hampshire. He is interested in studying their dialects. He interviews 30 individuals in each of two age groups: 15-30 years of age and 31-75 years of age. He has all participants read and record a preselected passage three times. He then codes their dialects based on a coding system and has two other researchers code the dialects as well. Based on this information which of the following would be considered the independent variable (IV)?

Accepted Answer

The independent variable (IV) is the variable that is being manipulated or controlled in the study. In this case, the IV is the geographic origin of the participants because the study is comparing individuals from the Northeast and Southern parts of the United States to determine if there are differences in their dialects. Gender of participants, dialect, and coding of responses are not the IV in this study.

Question 18

Juan is interested in his peers' responses in reaction to spiders. He designs an experimental paradigm where he has fake spiders and real spiders and then monitors his peers' fear responses. Based on Juan's design which variable is the independent variable (IV)?

Accepted Answer

The independent variable in this experiment is the type of spider, as it is being manipulated by the researcher to observe its effect on fear responses.

Question 19

Dr. Sila is studying eating disorders among young children, older children, adolescents, young adults, and adults between the ages of 5 years and 75 years of age. Dr. Sila is using a:

Accepted Answer

A multigroup design is appropriate for studying multiple age groups and comparing them to each other. This design allows for comparisons to be made between groups based on age and helps the researcher to determine if there are any differences in their experiences of eating disorders. In contrast, a case study design would focus on only one individual or small group of individuals, a factorial design would vary multiple independent variables, and a repeated measures design would involve measuring the same group multiple times over a period.

Question 20

Sabina wishes to use multiple strategies including self-report, interview, and a behavioral measure to answer her research question regarding alcohol use among teenagers. Sabina will most likely be employing:

Accepted Answer

Sabina is using multiple methods (self-report, interview, and behavioral measure) to answer her research question. This approach is known as methodological pluralism.

Quiz 9: Multi-Group Design: Im Feeling Hot, but Is the Earth Hot, Too