Question 1

Primary and secondary aging combine to make major body systems _____.

Accepted Answer

Primary aging refers to the natural physiological changes that occur with age, such as decreasing muscle mass and a slower metabolism. Secondary aging refers to the effects of lifestyle choices and environmental factors, such as exposure to pollutants, that can accelerate the aging process. Together, these types of aging can decrease the efficiency of major body systems such as the respiratory, cardiovascular, and digestive systems. Therefore, option A is the best choice.

Question 2

For older drivers, which of these variables is the strongest predictor of a car accident?

Accepted Answer

According to research, poor peripheral vision is the strongest predictor of car accidents among older drivers. Age, understanding of driving rules, and face-front reading ability may also have an impact, but peripheral vision is the most critical factor.

Question 3

The changes of primary aging are _____.

Accepted Answer

Primary aging refers to the universal, unavoidable, and irreversible physical changes that occur as an individual grows older. These changes are a natural part of the aging process and are not caused by disease or preventable through lifestyle choices.

Question 4

As bones age, they _____.

Accepted Answer

As bones age, they become more porous, which makes them weaker and more susceptible to fractures. This is due to a decrease in the density of bone tissue and a loss of minerals such as calcium. Bone loss is a natural part of the aging process, but certain lifestyle factors such as diet and exercise can help slow this process down.

Question 5

Limiting the time a person spends being ill or infirm is referred to as "_____."

Accepted Answer

Compression of morbidity refers to reducing the amount of time a person spends being ill or infirm, allowing for a longer period of healthy aging. Progeria is a rare genetic disorder that causes accelerated aging in children, whereas senescence refers to the natural biological aging of cells and organisms. Dependency ratio is a measure of the number of dependent people (such as children or retirees) to the number of working people in a population.

Question 6

Now that Hank is 75, he uses selective optimization with compensation while driving. For example, he _____.

Accepted Answer

Selective optimization with compensation is a strategy used by older adults to cope with age-related declines. This involves focusing on the most important tasks (e.g. driving during the day when necessary) while compensating for limitations (e.g. driving more slowly). Therefore, option C is the best choice as it suggests that Hank is compensating for any potential limitations due to his age by driving more slowly. Option A is not necessarily true for all older adults, and option B may not be safe as relying solely on mirrors can limit one's visibility. Option D is not a safe or effective strategy for any driver.

Question 7

Because of _____ aging, Thelma has had a very tough time recovering from a recent bout of pneumonia.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Because of _____ aging, Thelma has had...

Question 8

Which of the following strategies is crucial when older people have sensory loss?

Accepted Answer

Compensation is crucial when older people have sensory loss. This involves finding alternative ways to adapt to the loss of senses, such as using hearing aids or visual aids like magnifying glasses or large-print books, and modifying the environment to suit the needs of the individual. Acceptance may be important but not necessarily crucial, isolation should be avoided, and retirement is not relevant to this situation.

Question 9

Primary aging refers to age-related changes that _____.

Accepted Answer

Primary aging refers to the natural, inevitable changes that occur as an individual gets older, regardless of external factors or behaviors. These changes include physical and cognitive declines, such as decreased muscle strength, slower reaction time, and memory loss.

Question 10

Seventy-six-year-old Thomas tripped on a garden hose and broke his leg. His 17-year-old grandson, Austin, fell while skateboarding and broke his leg. Why is Thomas's injury more of a concern than Austin's injury?

Accepted Answer

Thomas is older and therefore has a higher risk of complications and slower recovery time compared to a younger person like Austin.

Question 11

Approximately _____ percent of people over age 65 can see well without glasses.

Accepted Answer

Approximately 10 percent of people over age 65 can see well without glasses.

Question 12

The medication that reduces hypertension in middle-aged adults can _____ for the oldest-old.

Accepted Answer

As people age, their blood pressure tends to naturally decrease. Additionally, older adults are already at a greater risk for side effects from medication. Therefore, the medication that reduces hypertension in middle-aged adults can be counterproductive for the oldest-old.

Question 13

The condition known as fragile bones is called "_____."

Accepted Answer

Fragile bones are a symptom of osteoporosis. Muscular dystrophy is a genetic disorder that causes progressive muscle weakness and cerebral palsy is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects movement and posture. Dementia is a term used to describe a decline in cognitive function. None of these conditions are specifically linked to fragile bones.

Question 14

The irreversible changes that naturally occur with time are called "_____ aging."

Accepted Answer

Primary aging refers to the natural, inevitable process of aging that occurs with time and affects all living organisms, including humans. It is characterized by biological and physiological changes that occur in the body over time. Secondary aging, on the other hand, refers to the changes that occur as a result of external factors such as disease, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Geriatric aging specifically refers to the aging process in older adults. Normal aging is a general term that could refer to either primary or secondary aging.

Question 15

The leading cause of death for the oldest-old is often listed as _____.

Accepted Answer

Pneumonia is commonly listed as the leading cause of death among the oldest-old (ages 85 and older) due to their weakened immune systems and increased susceptibility to infections. While cancer and heart disease are leading causes of death in the general population, these conditions become less common as people age into their 80s and beyond. Dementia, while a significant health concern among the oldest-old, is typically not listed as the primary cause of death, as individuals often die from other related health complications, such as infections or organ failure.

Question 16

Elderly drivers have fewer car accidents than young people do, because _____.

Accepted Answer

Elderly drivers compensate for deficiencies by driving more slowly and avoiding night driving. This cautious driving style helps them avoid accidents, even if their reaction time may be slower. Additionally, there are no strict laws in most places requiring retesting for drivers over age 65, so option B is not a valid explanation. Option A is partially true, but it does not explain why elderly drivers have fewer accidents. Option C is also partially true, but it does not fully explain why elderly drivers have fewer accidents.

Question 17

Although they have sex less frequently than they used to, more elderly couples report that their sex life has _____ rather than _____.

Accepted Answer

The sentence states that although elderly couples have sex less frequently, they report that their sex life has improved rather than deteriorated. Therefore, the best choice is A, which correctly reflects this information.

Question 18

The consequences of particular diseases are features of _____.

Accepted Answer

Secondary aging pertains to the age-related changes in body systems due to disease, lifestyle, and environmental factors. The consequences of diseases fall under secondary aging. Primary aging refers to the universal age-related changes that occur in human beings, while senescence is the biological process of aging. Gerontology is the study of aging processes, but it is not directly related to the consequences of particular diseases.

Question 19

Which of the following sounds does an older adult lose the ability to detect first?

Accepted Answer

As people age, they tend to lose the ability to hear high-pitched sounds. The voice of a small child typically falls into a higher frequency range than other sounds listed, making it the first sound an older adult would have difficulty detecting.

Question 20

Paulo, age 62, has developed heart disease from a lifetime of smoking cigarettes. His heart disease is an example of _____.

Accepted Answer

Secondary aging refers to age-related changes that are the result of environmental factors, such as smoking, rather than biological factors. Paulo's heart disease is an example of secondary aging because it was caused by his smoking habit, rather than just natural aging processes.

Quiz 23: Late Adulthood: Biosocial Development