Question 1

Which of the following conditions is an effect of chronic smoking?

Accepted Answer

Chronic smoking is a leading cause of heart disease. It damages the lining of the blood vessels and increases the risk of developing atherosclerosis, which can lead to heart attacks, strokes, and other cardiovascular complications. Liver failure, immune disorders, and brain tumors are not typically associated with chronic smoking.

Question 2

The most positive aspect of e-cigarettes is that they

Accepted Answer

The most positive aspect of e-cigarettes is that they do not contain tobacco, which reduces the harm caused by long-term use of traditional tobacco products. However, it is not yet proven that e-cigarettes are non-addictive and their impact on quitting smoking is still being widely debated. Additionally, e-cigarettes still produce aerosol (not smoke), which can contain harmful chemicals that can be inhaled by both the user and those around them.

Question 3

One difference between anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa involves

Accepted Answer

Anorexia nervosa involves severely restricting the amount of food consumed, while bulimia nervosa involves consuming large amounts of food followed by purging behaviors. Thus, the amount of food that is typically consumed is a key difference between the two disorders.

Question 4

Kristine is experiencing some depression and memory problems.To reduce both of these,Kristine's doctor is most likely to recommend

Accepted Answer

Exercise has been shown to improve both mood and cognitive function, making it a likely recommendation from a doctor for someone experiencing symptoms of depression and memory problems. While meditation, social support, and self-esteem can also be helpful, exercise has more empirical support as a treatment intervention.

Question 5

Jamie needs to quit smoking.According to your textbook,which strategy seems to have been most effective for around 90 percent of people?

Accepted Answer

Going "cold turkey" has been found to be the most effective strategy for around 90 percent of people according to the textbook. This involves stopping smoking abruptly without the use of nicotine replacement therapies or gradual reduction.

Question 6

Research suggests that about half of the sexually transmitted infections in the U.S.each year occur in people between the ages of

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that about half of the sexually transmitted infections in the U.S. each year occur in people between the ages of 15 to 24. This age group is at a higher risk of engaging in risky sexual behaviors and may not consistently use protection during sexual activity.

Question 7

Turman wants to practice safer sex.Which of the following behaviors will reduce his chances of contracting a sexually transmitted infection?

Accepted Answer

Using condoms and/or dental dams consistently and correctly is an effective way to reduce the risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections.

Question 8

If cigarettes did not contain nicotine,the brain's dopamine neurons would be

Accepted Answer

Nicotine stimulates the release of dopamine in the brain, which creates a pleasurable sensation that can lead to addiction. If cigarettes did not contain nicotine, the brain's dopamine neurons would be less affected by smoking.

Question 9

Your sister has been quite thin ever since the eighth grade,but she expresses a great fear of becoming fat and is always looking for ways to lose more weight.Based on this,she is most likely experiencing

Accepted Answer

Your sister's fear of becoming fat and constant search for ways to lose weight are signs of anorexia nervosa, an eating disorder characterized by an extremely low body weight, fear of gaining weight, and distorted body image. Option A, high body mass index, is incorrect because it indicates a higher than normal weight relative to height, which is not the case here. Option B, the absence of a set point for weight control, is an incorrect choice because it does not align with your sister's behavior and thoughts about weight loss. Option D, bulimia nervosa, may involve binge eating followed by purging but is not the best choice because there is no mention of this behavior in the scenario.

Question 10

Evidence suggests that some individuals are more prone to becoming regular smokers than others.One factor involves

Accepted Answer

The influence of parents and peers who smoke is a strong factor in the development of smoking habits. Individuals who grow up in a household or social circle where smoking is normal or even encouraged are more likely to become smokers themselves. This is due to social conditioning and the desire to conform to the behavior of those around them.

Question 11

A stressor is any event or stimulus that

Accepted Answer

A stressor is any event or stimulus that threatens an organism and elicits a coping response. It does not have to necessarily have negative consequences, as eustress (positive stress) can also be a stressor. Coping responses can range from physiological changes to behavioral adaptations.

Question 12

You experience a disruption that threatens a part of your life and is difficult with which to deal.Most likely,you will experience body changes,thoughts,and actions associated with the psychological process of

Accepted Answer

The disruption described in the question is a stressor, which can lead to stress. When experiencing stress, the body undergoes changes, such as increased heart rate and blood pressure, and individuals may have negative thoughts and behaviors as part of the stress response. Therefore, the best choice is D, stress.

Question 13

Evidence that humans have a set point for weight is reflected in the fact that

Accepted Answer

The fact that the prisoners gained less weight than expected and returned to their normal weight when they resumed a regular diet suggests that their bodies were regulating their weight and resisting changes beyond a certain set point.

Question 14

Juanita has contracted a sexually transmitted infection (STI).Juanita may have contracted the STI from any of the following activities EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A PAP test does not involve any sexual activity or contact, so it is not a risk factor for contracting STIs. The other three options are known risk factors for STI transmission.

Question 15

Sexually transmitted infections can be caused by all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Sexually transmitted infections can be caused by bacteria (such as chlamydia and gonorrhea), parasites (such as pubic lice and trichomoniasis), and viruses (such as HIV and herpes). However, fungi are not typically known to be sexually transmitted.

Question 16

Milo is training for an international chess competition and thinks that if he "increases his brain volume" he will do better in the competition.Which of the following actions should Milo take to increase his brain volume?

Accepted Answer

Exercise has been shown to increase brain volume by promoting the growth of new brain cells and improving neural connections. Reducing TV usage may free up more time for studying chess, but it does not directly affect brain volume. Going on a vegetarian diet or praying also do not have a direct impact on brain volume.

Question 17

Exercise increases the productivity and growth of

Accepted Answer

Exercise has been shown to increase the growth and productivity of neurons in the brain, leading to improved cognitive function and mental health. While exercise may have some benefits for reproductive hormones and gland tissue, these effects are generally less pronounced than the effects on brain function. Hair follicles are not directly impacted by exercise.

Question 18

According to the textbook,being encouraged by peers and enhancing one's self-image are reasons why people

Accepted Answer

Starting smoking is often influenced by peer pressure and the desire to enhance one's self-image, especially among adolescents and young adults. Peers can significantly impact an individual's behavior, and smoking is sometimes seen as a way to fit in or appear more mature or attractive.

Question 19

June has a lot of conflict with her mother at home.They also live in a poorer neighborhood that is very dirty and noisy.Although by itself each of these is a small issue,over time they add up to have a strong negative impact.In fact,June is starting to show signs of illness,including high blood pressure.Based on this,it is clear that June is experiencing

Accepted Answer

The description of conflict with her mother and living in a poor, dirty and noisy neighborhood indicates that June is experiencing major life stressors. The fact that such stressors are impacting her health and causing high blood pressure is an indication of the severity of the stress.

Question 20

LaShawna has no siblings,and her parents do not smoke.Jayda has an older brother and mother who smoke.Who would be more likely to start smoking,and why?

Accepted Answer

Jayda is more likely to start smoking as her family members smoke and act as role models for smoking, which could normalize the behavior for her. LaShawna does not have these role models and therefore may be less likely to start smoking. The other two options do not have strong evidence to support them.

Quiz 11: Health and Well-Being