Question 1

Fernando cannot stop worrying that a thief is going to break into his apartment,so he keeps checking the doors to make sure they are locked.Fernando's worrisome thoughts about a break-in are a(n)________.The fact that Fernando checks the locks over and over is a(n)________.

Accepted Answer

Fernando's worrisome thoughts about a break-in are an obsession, as he cannot stop thinking about it. His checking of the doors repeatedly is a compulsion, as he feels the need to do it.

Question 2

Tommy has obsessions about cleanliness and is a compulsive hand-washer.Which of the following pieces of evidence would support the view that his obsessive-compulsive disorder is related to operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

Operant conditioning involves learning from the consequences of one's behavior. In this case, Tommy's hand-washing behavior is reinforced by the reduction in anxiety he experiences after washing his hands. This reinforcement strengthens the behavior, making it more likely that he will engage in it again in the future. Punishment (choice A) has not been effective in reducing his behavior, which suggests that a different type of learning is at work. Observational learning (choice B) could be a factor in Tommy's behavior, but it is not specifically related to operant conditioning. Finally, reading a sign (choice D) is an example of classical conditioning, which involves learning associations between stimuli, rather than learning from consequences.

Question 3

Lithium has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of ________ disorders.However,clients frequently refuse to take this drug because it ________.

Accepted Answer

Lithium is primarily used in the treatment of bipolar disorder. However, a common side effect of lithium is that it can reduce positive emotions in some individuals. This may lead clients to refuse to take the medication despite its effectiveness in treating bipolar disorder. None of the other options provided are accurate.

Question 4

Carrie recently quit her job,packed up her car,and drove to Las Vegas,where she gambled away her entire life savings in 24 hours.Based on this,Carrie may be experiencing

Accepted Answer

Gambling away one's entire life savings in a short period of time can be a symptom of a manic episode, which is characterized by an elevated or irritable mood, increased energy, and impulsivity. Carrie's decision to quit her job and drive to Las Vegas without a clear plan also suggests impulsivity and poor judgement, which are common symptoms of a manic episode.

Question 5

Phoenix hears voices in his head that tell him to punch holes in the walls of his room.Because Phoenix is perceiving the voices without an external auditory stimulus,he is experiencing

Accepted Answer

Phoenix is experiencing a hallucination, which is a sensory perception without an external stimulus. A delusion is a false belief, apathy is a lack of interest or motivation, and loosening of associations refers to a disorganized pattern of thinking.

Question 6

You are worried because you have been feeling very down lately.Which of the following would most likely DECREASE your risk of developing major depressive disorder?

Accepted Answer

Attributing positive events in your life to your own hard work is a characteristic of optimistic thinking, which has been found to decrease the risk of developing major depressive disorder. Damaging your prefrontal cortex, feeling incapable of changing your life's course, and increased REM sleep have not been shown to decrease the risk of depression.

Question 7

In clients with schizophrenia,men are more likely than women to experience

Accepted Answer

Men with schizophrenia are more likely to experience negative symptoms, such as apathy, lack of emotion, and poor social functioning, compared to women. Positive symptoms include hallucinations and delusions, which do not show a significant gender difference in prevalence.

Question 8

Sarah is a practicing clinical psychologist.She should expect to see

Accepted Answer

Depression is more common than bipolar disorder, so Sarah should expect to see many more clients with depression than clients with bipolar disorder. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, in a given year, 7.1% of adults in the U.S. experience a major depressive episode, while only 2.8% experience bipolar disorder. Additionally, there is no evidence to suggest that bipolar disorder or depression disproportionately affects one gender over another. Therefore, choices C and D are incorrect.

Question 9

In order to meet the diagnostic criteria of the DSM-5,people with bipolar II disorder must experience

Accepted Answer

The answer of In order to meet the diagnostic criteria...

Question 10

According to Aaron Beck,a person who is experiencing depression is most likely to have which of the following thoughts after failing an exam?

Accepted Answer

According to Aaron Beck's cognitive theory of depression, individuals with depression tend to have negative self-evaluative thoughts, and may engage in a cognitive distortion called "personalization," where they blame themselves for negative events. Option D reflects this type of thinking, as the individual is making a global negative evaluation of themselves based on one specific event. Options A and B reflect more balanced thinking patterns, while option C reflects a "mind-reading" cognitive distortion where the individual assumes that the professor has a negative intention towards them.

Question 11

Which psychological disorder literally means "splitting of the mind" and is characterized by a split between thoughts and emotions?

Accepted Answer

Schizophrenia literally means "splitting of the mind" and is a mental disorder characterized by a split between thoughts and emotions. Symptoms can include delusions, hallucinations, disordered thinking and speech, and problems with social functioning.

Question 12

Individuals diagnosed with depression tend to attribute negative outcomes to ________ and positive outcomes to ________.

Accepted Answer

Individuals with depression often have a negative bias, which causes them to attribute negative outcomes to their own personal shortcomings and positive outcomes to luck or external factors. Therefore, option B is the best choice as it accurately reflects this tendency.

Question 13

Women in developing countries,such as India,Brazil,and Chile,experience more ________ than women in developed countries.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that women in developing countries are at a higher risk of experiencing depression due to factors such as poverty, lack of access to education and healthcare, and gender-based violence. While specific phobias and obsessive-compulsive disorder can occur in any population, there is no evidence to suggest that they are more prevalent in developing countries. Mania is typically associated with bipolar disorder, which is not specific to any particular population or country.

Question 14

According to the learned helplessness model of depression,some people with depression

Accepted Answer

The learned helplessness model of depression suggests that individuals with depression believe they have no control over the outcomes of events they experience, leading to feelings of helplessness and hopelessness.

Question 15

Dr.Clark is treating clients with schizophrenia who have disorganized speech.She notices that their speech

Accepted Answer

Disorganized speech in individuals with schizophrenia often includes a rapid shifting of topics with no logical connection between them. This symptom is known as "loose associations" or "derailment." Options A, B, and D do not accurately describe the speech patterns commonly observed in individuals with schizophrenia.

Question 16

Dwight is very apathetic toward others.He does not show much outward emotion,his speech is slow,and he speaks in a monotone.If Dwight has been diagnosed with schizophrenia,then what he is displaying are ________ symptoms.

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described (lack of emotion, slow speech, monotone) are examples of negative symptoms, which are often associated with schizophrenia. Positive symptoms would include things like delusions and hallucinations, which are not mentioned in the description of Dwight's behavior. Disorganized symptoms refer to disordered thinking and behavior, which again do not seem to be present in Dwight's case. Delusional symptoms would involve Dwight holding onto a fixed, false belief, but there is no indication that this is happening either.

Question 17

John was recently diagnosed with schizophrenia.He frequently makes statements that are not logical and contain repeating rhyming words,such as "The train brain rained on me." In this example,John is displaying

Accepted Answer

John is displaying symptoms of disorganized speech, which is a common symptom of schizophrenia. This is characterized by speech that is not logical, contains excessive tangents, and sometimes includes repeating or rhyming words. Hallucinations refer to sensory experiences that are not based in reality, and delusions refer to beliefs that are not based in reality. Negative symptoms refer to a decrease in normal emotions, motivation, and energy levels. While John may also experience some of these other symptoms, the most prominent symptom in the given example is disorganized speech.

Question 18

Malcolm refuses to shake hands with strangers (or anyone else for that matter)because he is fearful that they will infect him with germs.Malcolm is displaying signs of

Accepted Answer

Malcolm's behavior of avoiding physical contact with others out of fear of germs is a common symptom of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Individuals with OCD have intrusive unwanted thoughts and engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts in an attempt to reduce anxiety or prevent perceived harm. Malcolm's fear of germs is likely causing him significant distress and interfering with his daily life. Panic attacks involve sudden and unexpected episodes of intense fear and physical symptoms, and agoraphobia is fear or avoidance of places or situations that could be difficult to escape or receive help in case of a panic attack. While social phobia is a possibility, Malcolm's fear appears to be more specific to physical contact and germs.

Question 19

Mary experiences long periods of time when she feels very depressed.However,she occasionally goes through phases where she is highly focused on her painting and she creates beautiful works that provide a rewarding experience to her.It is most likely that Mary would be diagnosed with ________ disorder.

Accepted Answer

Mary's alternating periods of depression and highly focused creative output suggest symptoms of bipolar disorder, specifically bipolar II. In contrast, major depressive disorder and persistent depressive disorder do not involve periods of elevated or manic behavior, which Mary exhibits during her creative phases. Bipolar I disorder involves more severe manic episodes, which Mary does not appear to experience.

Question 20

Nash believes he is a part of a secret spy organization that sends coded messages to its informants through television commercials.Based on this,Nash is most likely experiencing

Accepted Answer

Nash's belief in a secret spy organization and coded messages is a fixed false belief or delusion, which is a symptom of psychosis. Hallucinations are sensory experiences that are not based on reality, such as hearing voices that are not there. Negative symptoms refer to a lack of normal behaviors, such as a flat affect or reduced motivation. Disorganized behavior includes behaviors that are unstructured or inappropriate, such as babbling or engaging in bizarre actions.

Quiz 14: Psychological Disorders

Fernando cannot stop worrying that a thief is going to break into his apartment,so he keeps checking the doors to make sure they are locked.Fernando's worrisome thoughts about a break-in are a(n) .The fact that Fernando checks the locks over and over is a(n) .

Tommy has obsessions about cleanliness and is a compulsive hand-washer.Which of the following pieces of evidence would support the view that his obsessive-compulsive disorder is related to operant conditioning?

Lithium has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of disorders.However,clients frequently refuse to take this drug because it .

Carrie recently quit her job,packed up her car,and drove to Las Vegas,where she gambled away her entire life savings in 24 hours.Based on this,Carrie may be experiencing

Phoenix hears voices in his head that tell him to punch holes in the walls of his room.Because Phoenix is perceiving the voices without an external auditory stimulus,he is experiencing

You are worried because you have been feeling very down lately.Which of the following would most likely DECREASE your risk of developing major depressive disorder?

In clients with schizophrenia,men are more likely than women to experience

Sarah is a practicing clinical psychologist.She should expect to see

In order to meet the diagnostic criteria of the DSM-5,people with bipolar II disorder must experience

According to Aaron Beck,a person who is experiencing depression is most likely to have which of the following thoughts after failing an exam?

Which psychological disorder literally means "splitting of the mind" and is characterized by a split between thoughts and emotions?

Individuals diagnosed with depression tend to attribute negative outcomes to and positive outcomes to .

Women in developing countries,such as India,Brazil,and Chile,experience more ________ than women in developed countries.

According to the learned helplessness model of depression,some people with depression

Dr.Clark is treating clients with schizophrenia who have disorganized speech.She notices that their speech

Dwight is very apathetic toward others.He does not show much outward emotion,his speech is slow,and he speaks in a monotone.If Dwight has been diagnosed with schizophrenia,then what he is displaying are ________ symptoms.

John was recently diagnosed with schizophrenia.He frequently makes statements that are not logical and contain repeating rhyming words,such as "The train brain rained on me." In this example,John is displaying

Malcolm refuses to shake hands with strangers (or anyone else for that matter) because he is fearful that they will infect him with germs.Malcolm is displaying signs of

Nash believes he is a part of a secret spy organization that sends coded messages to its informants through television commercials.Based on this,Nash is most likely experiencing

Quiz 14: Psychological Disorders

Fernando cannot stop worrying that a thief is going to break into his apartment,so he keeps checking the doors to make sure they are locked.Fernando's worrisome thoughts about a break-in are a(n) ________.The fact that Fernando checks the locks over and over is a(n) ________.

Tommy has obsessions about cleanliness and is a compulsive hand-washer.Which of the following pieces of evidence would support the view that his obsessive-compulsive disorder is related to operant conditioning?

Lithium has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of ________ disorders.However,clients frequently refuse to take this drug because it ________.

Carrie recently quit her job,packed up her car,and drove to Las Vegas,where she gambled away her entire life savings in 24 hours.Based on this,Carrie may be experiencing

Phoenix hears voices in his head that tell him to punch holes in the walls of his room.Because Phoenix is perceiving the voices without an external auditory stimulus,he is experiencing

You are worried because you have been feeling very down lately.Which of the following would most likely DECREASE your risk of developing major depressive disorder?

In clients with schizophrenia,men are more likely than women to experience

Sarah is a practicing clinical psychologist.She should expect to see

In order to meet the diagnostic criteria of the DSM-5,people with bipolar II disorder must experience

According to Aaron Beck,a person who is experiencing depression is most likely to have which of the following thoughts after failing an exam?

Which psychological disorder literally means "splitting of the mind" and is characterized by a split between thoughts and emotions?

Individuals diagnosed with depression tend to attribute negative outcomes to ________ and positive outcomes to ________.

Women in developing countries,such as India,Brazil,and Chile,experience more ________ than women in developed countries.

According to the learned helplessness model of depression,some people with depression

Dr.Clark is treating clients with schizophrenia who have disorganized speech.She notices that their speech

Dwight is very apathetic toward others.He does not show much outward emotion,his speech is slow,and he speaks in a monotone.If Dwight has been diagnosed with schizophrenia,then what he is displaying are ________ symptoms.

John was recently diagnosed with schizophrenia.He frequently makes statements that are not logical and contain repeating rhyming words,such as "The train brain rained on me." In this example,John is displaying

Malcolm refuses to shake hands with strangers (or anyone else for that matter) because he is fearful that they will infect him with germs.Malcolm is displaying signs of

Nash believes he is a part of a secret spy organization that sends coded messages to its informants through television commercials.Based on this,Nash is most likely experiencing

Fernando cannot stop worrying that a thief is going to break into his apartment,so he keeps checking the doors to make sure they are locked.Fernando's worrisome thoughts about a break-in are a(n) .The fact that Fernando checks the locks over and over is a(n) .

Lithium has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of disorders.However,clients frequently refuse to take this drug because it .

Individuals diagnosed with depression tend to attribute negative outcomes to and positive outcomes to .