Question 1

Jessica and Jonathan are best friends.Jessica is very individualistic,while Jonathan is very collectivistic.Based on research regarding primary and secondary control,draw a graph for each person that shows the relationship between the amount of anxiety they would feel based on how much personal control they have in any given situation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jessica and Jonathan are best friends.Jessica is...

Question 2

Which of the following would be the best example of primary control?

Accepted Answer

Primary control involves making choices and taking actions that directly influence one's environment and personal circumstances. In this scenario, returning the computer game because it was not satisfying is a good example of primary control. The individual has taken action to change their circumstances and improve their situation. The other options involve making decisions based on external factors like group consensus, others' preferences, or family obligations, which are not examples of primary control.

Question 3

Research conducted on East and West Germany found that

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research conducted on East and West Germany...

Question 4

A group of East Asians and Americans have won a contest,and each person is allowed to pick a car from a selection of cars.All cars are of the same make,model,and year.The only thing that differs between them is that they can be one of two colors.Furthermore,there is an extremely unequal proportion between the two colors,making the minority color very unique.Given this scenario,which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A group of East Asians and Americans...

Question 5

According to Snibe and Markus's study,working-class Americans liked the pen they were given,regardless of whether they chose it or not,unlike upper-middle-class Americans,who much preferred the pen that they chose.This can be explained by

Accepted Answer

Working-class Americans engaging in more secondary control means they are more likely to adapt to situations and accept what is given to them, rather than exerting primary control by making choices, which aligns with the study's findings.

Question 6

One frozen yogurt parlor has ten flavors from which to choose (Parlor X),and another parlor has more than one hundred flavors (Parlor Z).You ask people to choose which one they want to patron.Which of the following is most indicative of people's preferences,given the research on choices as described in the textbook?

Accepted Answer

The research described in the textbook suggests that when given a large number of options, people may actually have a harder time making a decision and may become overwhelmed. Therefore, even if Americans say they prefer a parlor with a larger number of flavors, they may actually have a more difficult time choosing from that parlor compared to one with a smaller selection. This is consistent with option C, which suggests that Americans may have difficulty choosing a flavor from Parlor Z. None of the other options are supported by the research on choices described in the textbook.

Question 7

Ariana and Misha looked at the music charts.Ariana compared herself to Adelle (Ariana thinks she is worse than Adelle),while Misha compared herself to Mariah (Misha thinks she is better than Mariah).Name and define the processes in which Ariana and Misha engaged,respectively.Then,draw a graph that shows Ariana's and Misha's self-esteem before and after they make their comparisons.Assume that Ariana and Misha start out with the same level of self-esteem.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ariana and Misha looked at the music...

Question 8

Your school's counseling department emphasizes the importance of convincing people to gain control by asserting themselves in their environment.Regardless of one's cultural background,everyone feels a greater sense of power when changing the environment to suit himself or herself.Based on empirical research,do you agree with your counseling department's perspective? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your school's counseling department emphasizes the importance...

Question 9

In a political pamphlet being handed out to students on campus,the writer is suggesting that capitalism is a product of the trades and activities of Islamic merchants.According to Weber's thesis that capitalism grew out of a belief system rooted in cultural ideas of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries,do you agree or disagree with the pamphlet? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a political pamphlet being handed out...

Question 10

In a study,five people are asked to taste test three dishes,one of which tastes like garbage.They must then judge which dish was the best.However,four of the people are confederates and are told to always say that the garbage dish is the best.The real participant (the fifth person)is then asked to give his or her judgment.This study is done in both an individualistic and a collectivistic culture.Based on the results obtained using Asch's paradigm across cultures,what do you expect to happen in this case?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a study,five people are asked to...

Question 11

You are a teacher who assesses your students' science knowledge by having them play one of many science games available on the computer,so you want them to take this task seriously.Your class is comprised fully of Asian American and Euro-American children.How would you maximize their motivation to play these science games?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that Asian American students may be more motivated when choices are made by trusted authority figures or peers, while Euro-American students often prefer personal choice.

Question 12

At an academic debate,you overhear one researcher say,"Based on Iyengar and colleagues' work on choice across cultures,Asian Americans have a stronger preference for everyone else to make choices for them rather than making choices for themselves." Do you agree?

Accepted Answer

Iyengar and colleagues found that Asian Americans prefer choices made by in-group members, not just anyone, reflecting cultural values of collectivism and in-group harmony.

Question 13

Working-class and upper-middle-class Americans differ in that

Accepted Answer

The answer of Working-class and upper-middle-class Americans differ in that
...

Question 14

Xiao Mao is an interdependent Chinese-American child in elementary school,and Kitty is an independent Canadian child.They are in the mall with their fathers picking out board games as presents.How would their motivations to play the board games compare if they chose the games themselves versus if their fathers chose the games for them? Draw a graph to demonstrate the pattern of results that you would expect.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Xiao Mao is an interdependent Chinese-American child...

Question 15

You are an executive for a Korean advertising agency and you have been asked to create a TV commercial for a new condominium,targeting people from Korea.Based on Kim and Markus's research on advertisements in Korea and the United States,which of the following would you most likely use in your commercial?

Accepted Answer

Based on Kim and Markus's research, Korean advertisements tend to focus on blending in and fitting in with the community. Therefore, highlighting the fact that the condominium's architecture blends well with the surrounding buildings is most likely to resonate with the target audience. Options A and E may be seen as tacky, as they emphasize the affordability of the condominium rather than its quality. Option B may seem too boastful and not credible. Option D may have limited appeal since the target audience may not be familiar with the architect's work.

Quiz 8: Motivation

Which of the following would be the best example of primary control?

Research conducted on East and West Germany found that

According to Snibe and Markus's study,working-class Americans liked the pen they were given,regardless of whether they chose it or not,unlike upper-middle-class Americans,who much preferred the pen that they chose.This can be explained by

At an academic debate,you overhear one researcher say,"Based on Iyengar and colleagues' work on choice across cultures,Asian Americans have a stronger preference for everyone else to make choices for them rather than making choices for themselves." Do you agree?

Working-class and upper-middle-class Americans differ in that