Question 1

A nurse is observing as a patient undergoes chest magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Which of the following should the nurse consider to be critical findings that should be reported to the requesting health-care provider immediately? Select all that apply.
A)Aortic aneurysm
B)Constrictive pericarditis
C)Aortic dissection
D)Pericardial hematoma
E)Pleural effusion

Accepted Answer

The answer of A nurse is observing as a patient...

Question 2

A nurse reviewing a patient's laboratory results notes that the patient's alkaline phosphatase (ALP)level is elevated.Which additional information should the nurse review before planning interventions related to this result? Select all that apply.
A)Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT)level
B)Sex
C)Patient's age
D)ProTime
E)Race
F)Time of last meal

Accepted Answer

The answer of A nurse reviewing a patient's laboratory results...

Question 3

A nurse is assisting a patient who is undergoing prostate-specific antigen (PSA)testing to determine his risk for prostate cancer.Which of the following are risk factors associated with prostate cancer? Select all that apply.
A)Caucasian race
B)Older age
C)A high ratio of free to complexed PSA
D)High rate of PSA increase over time
E)Family history of the disease

Accepted Answer

Older age, a high rate of PSA increase over time, and a family history of prostate cancer are well-established risk factors for the disease. Caucasian race and the ratio of free to complexed PSA are not considered direct risk factors for developing prostate cancer.

Question 4

An infant has a blood test for hexosaminidase A and B.The blood test reveals an absence of hexosaminidase A, resulting in a diagnosis of Tay-Sachs disease.Which familial backgrounds are most often associated with Tay-Sachs disease? Select all that apply.
A)Alaskan
B)Ashkenazi Jews
C)French-Canadian
D)Cajun
E)German
F)Irish
G)Italian

Accepted Answer

The answer of An infant has a blood test for...

Question 5

A patient is scheduled for a clonidine suppression test.For which clinical manifestations should the nurse assess this patient? Select all that apply.
A)Diaphoresis
B)Headache
C)Hypertension
D)Hypotension
E)Palpitations
F)Weight gain

Accepted Answer

The clonidine suppression test is used to diagnose pheochromocytoma, a tumor of the adrenal gland that can cause excessive production of catecholamines, leading to symptoms such as diaphoresis (excessive sweating), headache, hypertension (high blood pressure), and palpitations (abnormal heartbeats).

Question 6

A nurse is preparing a patient to undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)of the pancreas.The nurse understands that T1-weighted MRI images are best for depicting which of the following? Select all that apply.
A)Intrapancreatic fluid collections
B)Pancreatic calculi
C)Pancreatic parenchyma
D)Fatty infiltration
E)Carcinomas

Accepted Answer

T1-weighted MRI images are particularly useful for visualizing the anatomy and structure of organs, including the pancreatic parenchyma, detecting fatty infiltration due to the high signal from fat, and identifying carcinomas, which often appear with higher signal intensity compared to surrounding tissues.

Question 7

A nurse is teaching a class on breast cancer awareness at a community center.The nurse should mention that breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)is especially effective for which of the following? Select all that apply.
A)Evaluating mammogram abnormalities
B)Screening for breast cancer in place of mammography
C)Identifying early breast cancer in women at high risk
D)Imaging of dense breast tissue
E)Examining augmented breasts

Accepted Answer

Breast MRI is particularly effective for evaluating mammogram abnormalities, identifying early breast cancer in high-risk women, imaging dense breast tissue, and examining augmented breasts. It is not typically used for routine screening in place of mammography.

Question 8

When reviewing a report from a bone mineral densitometry (DEXA), a nurse notes that the result is a T-score of -1.75.Which instructions should the nurse plan for this 62-year-old patient? Select all that apply.
A)Avoid smoking.
B)Limit use of alcoholic beverages.
C)Lose weight.
D)Participate regularly in weight-bearing exercise.
E)Restrict activities such as jogging and stair climbing.
F)Set a goal to consume 800 mg of calcium daily.

Accepted Answer

A T-score of -1.75 indicates osteopenia, which is a condition where bone mineral density is lower than normal peak BMD but not low enough to be classified as osteoporosis. To prevent further bone loss, the nurse should advise the patient to avoid smoking, limit alcohol consumption, and engage in regular weight-bearing exercises. These lifestyle changes can help maintain or improve bone density.

Question 9

A patient is preparing to undergo positron emission tomography (PET)of the brain.The nurse is aware that this procedure has the greatest clinical impact in patients with which of the following conditions? Select all that apply.
A)Skull fracture
B)Epilepsy
C)Dementia
D)Viral meningitis
E)Parkinson's disease

Accepted Answer

PET scans are particularly useful in epilepsy for identifying seizure foci, in dementia for assessing brain metabolism and function, and in Parkinson's disease for evaluating dopaminergic function.

Question 10

A patient has a serum potassium level of 2.4 mEq/L.For which clinical signs and symptoms should the nurse assess this patient? Select all that apply.
A)Bradycardia
B)Diarrhea
C)Hunger
D)Irregular heart rhythm
E)Muscle cramps
F)Peaked T wave on EKG

Accepted Answer

A serum potassium level of 2.4 mEq/L indicates hypokalemia. Clinical signs and symptoms of hypokalemia include bradycardia, irregular heart rhythm, muscle cramps, and a peaked T wave on EKG. Diarrhea and hunger are not typically associated with hypokalemia.

Question 11

The nurse recognizes which of the following advantages of bladder ultrasound? Select all that apply.
A)Has a low cost
B)Causes no harm to the patient
C)Uses only small amounts of radiation
D)Only takes a few minutes to complete
E)Can provide images of bladder position, structure, and size
F)Is noninvasive

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse recognizes which of the following...

Question 12

A patient's laboratory test results indicate type I hyperlipoproteinemia.Which of the following are the characteristics associated with this finding? Select all that apply.
A)Serum from the blood specimen is clear with a creamy top layer.
B)Total cholesterol is normal to moderately elevated.
C)Triglycerides are grossly elevated.
D)Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC)is elevated.
E)Lipase is elevated.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient's laboratory test results indicate type...

Question 13

A nurse is reviewing a patient's health history in anticipation of the patient undergoing abdominal laparoscopy.Which of the following conditions should the nurse view as contraindications to this procedure? Select all that apply.
A)Cirrhosis
B)Bleeding disorder
C)Advanced cardiovascular disease
D)Appendicitis
E)Suspected intra-abdominal hemorrhage

Accepted Answer

The answer of A nurse is reviewing a patient's health...

Question 14

A pregnant patient learns that laboratory screening indicates that she is positive for the hepatitis C antibody.Which additional diagnostic tests should the nurse anticipate? Select all that apply.
A)Aminotransferase (ALT)
B)Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
C)Hepatitis B serology
D)Liver biopsy
E)Reticulocyte count
F)White blood cell (WBC)count

Accepted Answer

Aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels are liver enzymes that are typically elevated in patients with liver damage, such as that caused by hepatitis C infection. Hepatitis B serology is also relevant because co-infection with hepatitis B can occur and has implications for management and prognosis.

Question 15

The nurse is caring for a patient who recently underwent a thallium stress test.Which of the following instructions should be provided? Select all that apply.
A)"You need to keep your leg straight with this sandbag on it for 6 hours."
B)"You should increase your fluid intake to help clear the dye from your system."
C)"Some patients have a delayed allergic reaction, so let me know if you have any hives or itching."
D)"I'll be checking your vital signs frequently over the next few hours to make sure you're doing well after the test."
E)"You won't be able to eat or drink anything for the next 4 hours to ensure your swallowing reflex has returned to normal."
F)"The health-care provider will talk to you about the test results and if you should change any of your seizure medications based on the results."

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse is caring for a patient...

Question 16

The student nurse is reviewing lab results for a patient on a medical-surgical floor who has an elevated LDH (lactate dehydrogenase)level.The student learns LDH may be elevated in which of the following conditions? Select all that apply.
A)Cirrhosis
B)Congestive heart failure
C)Leukemia
D)Myocardial infarction
E)Hepatitis
F)Myopia

Accepted Answer

LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) is an enzyme found in almost all body tissues, but levels can rise in response to cell damage. Elevated LDH levels can indicate a variety of conditions including cirrhosis (A), congestive heart failure (B), leukemia (C), myocardial infarction (D), and hepatitis (E). These conditions involve tissue damage or increased cell turnover, which can lead to higher amounts of LDH in the blood. Myopia (F), a condition related to eye structure and not indicative of tissue damage or disease, would not cause elevated LDH levels.

Question 17

The nurse is being asked to participate in a random drug-screening program.Which of the following would the nurse expect to experience? Select all that apply.
A)Pat-down body search
B)Blood specimen drawn
C)Urine sample collected
D)Stool sample collected
E)Witnessed transfer of specimens in a sealed transport device
F)Signed documentation of specimen transfer

Accepted Answer

In a random drug-screening program, a nurse would typically expect to provide a blood specimen and a urine sample. The process often includes the witnessed transfer of specimens in a sealed transport device and signed documentation to ensure the chain of custody and integrity of the samples. Pat-down body searches and stool samples are not standard procedures in drug screening.

Question 18

The nurse caring for a patient who underwent a cardiac catheterization recognizes that teaching has been effective if the patient chooses which of the following menu items? Select all that apply.
A)Carrot and celery sticks
B)Au gratin potatoes
C)Skim milk
D)Cream of mushroom soup
E)Steamed cauliflower
F)Bratwurst

Accepted Answer

After a cardiac catheterization procedure, it is important for the patient to follow a heart-healthy diet that is low in fat, cholesterol, and sodium. Carrot and celery sticks, skim milk, and steamed cauliflower are all low in fat and cholesterol, and can be good choices for the patient. Au gratin potatoes, cream of mushroom soup, and bratwurst are high in fat and/or sodium and should be avoided.

Question 19

A patient's laboratory test results indicate a positive finding for lupus anticoagulant (LA)antibodies.The health-care provider suspects antiphospholipid antibody syndrome in this patient.In addition to this laboratory finding, one of which of the following clinical criteria must be met to confirm this suspected diagnosis? Select all that apply.
A)Vascular thrombosis confirmed by imaging
B)History of miscarriages
C)Hypertension of greater than 140/90 mm Hg
D)Body mass index (BMI)of greater than 30
E)History of gestational diabetes

Accepted Answer

Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome is characterized by the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies in the context of clinical criteria such as vascular thrombosis and pregnancy morbidity, including recurrent miscarriages. Hypertension, high BMI, and gestational diabetes are not part of the diagnostic criteria for this condition.

Question 20

The nurse is caring for a woman who is undergoing positron emission tomography of the abdomen.Which of the following statements indicates pre-procedural teaching has been successful? Select all that apply.
A)"They will use my IV site to inject dye during the test."
B)"I will have to assume a number of sitting and standing positions during the test."
C)"I should take off my jewelry before the test begins."
D)"I will need to hold still while they are taking pictures."
E)"I've not had any caffeine or alcohol for the past 24 hours."
F)"I should restrict my fluid intake for the rest of today."

Accepted Answer

The patient should remove jewelry to avoid interference with imaging (C). Remaining still is crucial for accurate PET scan images (D). Avoiding caffeine and alcohol helps ensure accurate results (E).

Quiz 5: System Tables

A nurse is observing as a patient undergoes chest magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) .Which of the following should the nurse consider to be critical findings that should be reported to the requesting health-care provider immediately? Select all that apply.

A nurse reviewing a patient's laboratory results notes that the patient's alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level is elevated.Which additional information should the nurse review before planning interventions related to this result? Select all that apply.

A nurse is assisting a patient who is undergoing prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing to determine his risk for prostate cancer.Which of the following are risk factors associated with prostate cancer? Select all that apply.

An infant has a blood test for hexosaminidase A and B.The blood test reveals an absence of hexosaminidase A, resulting in a diagnosis of Tay-Sachs disease.Which familial backgrounds are most often associated with Tay-Sachs disease? Select all that apply.

A patient is scheduled for a clonidine suppression test.For which clinical manifestations should the nurse assess this patient? Select all that apply.

A nurse is preparing a patient to undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pancreas.The nurse understands that T1-weighted MRI images are best for depicting which of the following? Select all that apply.

A nurse is teaching a class on breast cancer awareness at a community center.The nurse should mention that breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is especially effective for which of the following? Select all that apply.

When reviewing a report from a bone mineral densitometry (DEXA) , a nurse notes that the result is a T-score of -1.75.Which instructions should the nurse plan for this 62-year-old patient? Select all that apply.

A patient is preparing to undergo positron emission tomography (PET) of the brain.The nurse is aware that this procedure has the greatest clinical impact in patients with which of the following conditions? Select all that apply.

A patient has a serum potassium level of 2.4 mEq/L.For which clinical signs and symptoms should the nurse assess this patient? Select all that apply.

The nurse recognizes which of the following advantages of bladder ultrasound? Select all that apply.

A patient's laboratory test results indicate type I hyperlipoproteinemia.Which of the following are the characteristics associated with this finding? Select all that apply.

A nurse is reviewing a patient's health history in anticipation of the patient undergoing abdominal laparoscopy.Which of the following conditions should the nurse view as contraindications to this procedure? Select all that apply.

A pregnant patient learns that laboratory screening indicates that she is positive for the hepatitis C antibody.Which additional diagnostic tests should the nurse anticipate? Select all that apply.

The nurse is caring for a patient who recently underwent a thallium stress test.Which of the following instructions should be provided? Select all that apply.

The student nurse is reviewing lab results for a patient on a medical-surgical floor who has an elevated LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) level.The student learns LDH may be elevated in which of the following conditions? Select all that apply.

The nurse is being asked to participate in a random drug-screening program.Which of the following would the nurse expect to experience? Select all that apply.

The nurse caring for a patient who underwent a cardiac catheterization recognizes that teaching has been effective if the patient chooses which of the following menu items? Select all that apply.

The nurse is caring for a woman who is undergoing positron emission tomography of the abdomen.Which of the following statements indicates pre-procedural teaching has been successful? Select all that apply.