Question 1

A nurse is providing post-test instructions to a patient following thyroid scan.Which of the following should the nurse tell the patient? Select all that apply.
A)Drink increased amounts of fluids for 24 to 48 hours.
B)Fast for 8 hours.
C)Avoid breastfeeding for 3 days.
D)Have caregivers wear gloves when discarding urine for the next 24 hours.
E)The radionuclide should be eliminated from the body within 5 to 7 days.

Accepted Answer

A) It is important for the patient to drink plenty of fluids following a thyroid scan to help eliminate the radioactive material from their body.
C) Breastfeeding should be avoided for at least 3 days after the test to prevent radiation exposure to the infant.
D) Caregivers should wear gloves when disposing of urine to minimize radiation exposure. 
B) Fasting is not typically required for a thyroid scan.
E) The length of time it takes for the radionuclide to be eliminated from the body can vary, but usually ranges from a few days to a few weeks.

Question 2

A nurse works at a community health clinic that provides screening for people who are at high risk for acquiring a hepatitis B virus (HBV)infection.Which groups are at high risk for acquiring this infection? Select all that apply.
A)Communities without water purification
B)Intravenous drug abusers
C)Health-care workers
D)Persons with
E)Communities with diets high in raw shellfish

Accepted Answer

Intravenous drug abusers, health-care workers, and persons with multiple sexual partners or exposure to infected blood or body fluids are at high risk for acquiring HBV infection. Communities without water purification or with diets high in raw shellfish are not specifically at high risk for acquiring HBV infection.

Question 3

A patient has just undergone a bone scan and the results show no bone abnormalities.However, the health-care provider is concerned that the result may be a false negative.Which of the following factors would likely cause a false negative? Select all that apply.
A)Multiple myeloma
B)Distended bladder
C)Improper injection of the radionuclide
D)Thyroid cancer
E)Metallic objects within the examination field

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient has just undergone a bone...

Question 4

A nurse is caring for a patient who is undergoing a blood transfusion.Soon after the transfusion is begun, the patient complains of chills and fever and becomes anxious.The nurse notes generalized bleeding and soon determines that the patient is having an ABO acute hemolytic transfusion reaction.Which of the following should the nurse do? Select all that apply.
A)Immediately stop the transfusion.
B)Maintain the airway and apply oxygen therapy as needed.
C)Administer non-salicylate-containing antipyretics.
D)Administer osmotic and diuretic agents.
E)Administer antihistamines.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A nurse is caring for a patient...

Question 5

A patient is suspected of having a neuroblastoma.Which test would be most appropriate for confirming this suspicion?
A)Homovanillic acid (HVA)
B)5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA)
C)Homocysteine and methylmalonic acid
D)Hexosaminidase A and B

Accepted Answer

The most appropriate test for confirming the suspicion of neuroblastoma is Homovanillic acid (HVA) because it is a metabolite of dopamine produced by neuroblastoma cells. Elevated levels of HVA can indicate the presence of a neuroblastoma. The other tests listed are not specific for neuroblastoma and are used for other conditions.

Question 6

A patient's laboratory test results indicate an increased level of vanillylmandelic acid (VMA)in the urine.The nurse is aware that this finding is associated with which of the following conditions? Select all that apply.
A)Lymphoma
B)Myeloma
C)Neuroblastoma
D)Ganglioneuroma
E)Pheochromocytoma

Accepted Answer

Increased levels of vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) in the urine are associated with conditions that involve neuroendocrine tumors, such as neuroblastoma (C), ganglioneuroma (D), and pheochromocytoma (E). VMA is a metabolite of catecholamines, which are produced in excess by these tumors.

Question 7

A patient has laboratory results that show gliadin antibodies that are strongly positive for both immunoglobulin A (IgA)and G (IgG).Based on these results, the nurse should instruct the patient to:
A)Avoid dairy products and lactose in the diet.
B)Increase intake of B vitamins.
C)Maintain a gluten-free diet.
D)Practice safe sex.

Accepted Answer

The presence of strongly positive gliadin antibodies indicates a possible gluten sensitivity or celiac disease. The best course of action for the patient is to maintain a strict gluten-free diet to prevent further damage to the small intestine. Avoiding dairy products and lactose, increasing B vitamin intake, and practicing safe sex are not directly related to the patient's condition.

Question 8

A needle biopsy of a breast lump shows that a patient has a high HER-2/neu oncoprotein level.Based on this result, the nurse should plan interventions to:
A)Assist the patient in coping with a poor prognosis.
B)Make dietary modifications to decrease cancer risk.
C)Promote long-term remission of breast cancer.
D)Refer the patient to a cancer survivors support group.

Accepted Answer

High levels of HER-2/neu oncoprotein are associated with aggressive forms of breast cancer and often indicate a poorer prognosis. This necessitates interventions aimed at helping the patient cope with the potential outcomes.

Question 9

A nurse is assisting with a bronchoscopy procedure with a rigid bronchoscope.Which of the following are advantages of the rigid bronchoscope compared with the flexible bronchoscope? Select all that apply.
A)It allows visualization of all segments of the bronchial tree.
B)It is better for aspirating large volumes of blood or secretions.
C)It is more effective for removing foreign bodies.
D)It is preferred for most bronchoscopies in children.
E)It is less traumatic to the surrounding tissues.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A nurse is assisting with a bronchoscopy...

Question 10

While transferring a blood specimen from a syringe into a specimen container, a nurse feels a drip that has splashed from the container onto the nurse's face.Which action by the nurse is most appropriate?
A)Clean the blood from the face using an alcohol wipe, and do not mention this to anyone.
B)Complete the procedure, clean the blood from the face using an alcohol wipe, and report the incident immediately to employee health.
C)Inform the patient of the exposure, and ask if there is any history of AIDS or hepatitis.
D)Notify the health-care provider to request screening of the patient for potential infections.

Accepted Answer

The nurse should complete the procedure, clean the blood from the face using an alcohol wipe, and report the incident immediately to employee health. This is the appropriate course of action to take, as it helps ensure that the incident is properly documented, and that appropriate follow-up measures can be taken to mitigate any potential risks to the nurse's health. It also helps ensure that the source patient can be evaluated for potential infections, and that appropriate testing and treatment can be initiated if necessary. Options A, C, and D are not appropriate in this situation, as they do not provide the necessary steps to ensure proper reporting and follow-up.

Question 11

A patient needs to undergo testing to assess cardiovascular disease risk.Which test would be most appropriate for this purpose?
A)Thyroxine, free
B)Transferrin
C)Triglycerides
D)Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Accepted Answer

Triglycerides levels can be used as a marker for cardiovascular disease risk as they are associated with higher levels of LDL cholesterol and lower levels of HDL cholesterol, both of which increase the risk of heart disease. Thyroxine, free, transferrin, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) are not directly related to cardiovascular disease risk.

Question 12

A nurse works in an office in which the physician has obtained a certificate of waiver from a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA)program so that the nurse and other practitioners in the office may perform waived tests.Examples of waived tests include which of the following? Select all that apply.
A)Dipstick urinalysis
B)Blood glucose (on an approved meter)
C)Pinworm examinations
D)Fecal occult blood
E)Wet-mount testing for bacteria

Accepted Answer

Waived tests under CLIA are simple tests with a low risk for an incorrect result. Dipstick urinalysis, blood glucose testing on an approved meter, and fecal occult blood tests are examples of such waived tests. Pinworm examinations and wet-mount testing for bacteria are not considered waived tests.

Question 13

A patient's breast biopsy results indicate the results below.Which of them are favorable findings, indicating a lower likelihood of breast cancer, or a higher likelihood of a more manageable type of breast cancer? Select all that apply.
A)Abnormal cells or tissues.
B)Majority diploid cell population.
C)High S-phase fraction.
D)Low percentage of Ki67 cells.
E)High percentage of estrogen and progesterone receptors.

Accepted Answer

B) A majority diploid cell population indicates cells have a normal genetic makeup, which is generally associated with a better prognosis. D) A low percentage of Ki67 cells indicates a lower proliferation rate of the tumor, suggesting it is less aggressive. E) A high percentage of estrogen and progesterone receptors often means the cancer may respond well to hormone therapy, which is a favorable finding.

Question 14

A patient's laboratory test results indicate elevated triglycerides (TGs)levels.The nurse is aware that this finding is consistent with which of the following conditions? Select all that apply.
A)Alcoholism
B)End-stage liver disease
C)Hypertension
D)Malnutrition
E)Acute myocardial infarction

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient's laboratory test results indicate elevated...

Question 15

A patient has just learned that she has human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).The nurse is providing teaching regarding protection against opportunistic infections.Which of the following should the nurse mention? Select all that apply.
A)Receive an annual influenza vaccine.
B)Receive a hepatitis B vaccine.
C)Avoid eating raw foods.
D)Stay isolated and avoid physical contact with others.
E)Avoid emptying cat litter boxes.

Accepted Answer

A) Annual influenza vaccine can help prevent flu, which can be more severe in people with weakened immune systems like those with HIV. B) Hepatitis B vaccine is recommended because individuals with HIV are at increased risk for hepatitis B, and co-infection can lead to more severe health outcomes. C) Avoiding raw foods reduces the risk of exposure to pathogens that can cause infections, which are more likely and can be more severe in individuals with compromised immune systems. E) Avoiding emptying cat litter boxes reduces the risk of exposure to Toxoplasma gondii, which can cause severe illness in people with weakened immune systems. D) is incorrect because while it's important to avoid exposure to infectious diseases, complete isolation and avoiding all physical contact is not necessary and can negatively impact mental health and quality of life.

Question 16

A nurse is providing care to a patient following a bone biopsy.Which of the following actions should the nurse take? Select all that apply.
A)Monitor vital signs and neurological status every 2 hours after the procedure.
B)Monitor temperature every 4 hours for 24 hours.
C)Observe for delayed allergic reactions.
D)Instruct the patient to take ibuprofen for fever.
E)Assess for nausea and pain.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A nurse is providing care to a...

Question 17

A patient is scheduled for a prostate sonogram or transrectal ultrasound (TRUS).Prior to the examination, the nurse should instruct the patient to:
A)Administer a sodium biphosphate (Fleet)enema.
B)Avoid sexual intercourse for at least 1 week prior to the examination.
C)Remain NPO after midnight.
D)Report for the procedure with a full bladder.

Accepted Answer

A sodium biphosphate (Fleet) enema is often administered prior to a prostate sonogram or transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) to clear the rectum, which allows for better visualization during the examination.

Question 18

A patient's laboratory test results indicate a high level of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2/neu)oncoprotein.This finding is most associated with which of the following?
A)Metastatic breast cancer
B)Leukemia
C)Bladder cancer
D)Colon cancer

Accepted Answer

High levels of HER-2/neu oncoprotein are most commonly associated with metastatic breast cancer. Testing for HER-2/neu is often done as part of the diagnostic workup for breast cancer, as it can help determine treatment options and predict a patient's response to therapy.

Question 19

A nurse is assessing a child with a possible ear infection.When inserting an otoscope into the ear of a child, the nurse should hold the child's head steady and:
A)Angle the otoscope upward.
B)Direct the otoscope upward toward crown of the head.
C)Move the pinna upward and backward.
D)Pull the pinna down.

Accepted Answer

In children under three years old, the pinna should be pulled down and back to straighten the ear canal for better visualization with an otoscope.

Question 20

During a precollege physical examination, a student asks a nurse when a young woman should have a pelvic examination with a Papanicolaou (Pap)smear for the first time.Which response by the nurse is correct?
A)"Any woman who is sexually active needs a Pap smear annually and anytime a new sexual partner is acquired."
B)"Pap smears are recommended beginning with puberty."
C)"Decisions regarding the need for and frequency of PAP smears or other cancer screening procedures should be made after consultation between the patient and health-care provider."
D)"If there is no family history of endometrial cancer, a woman should not need a Pap smear until after the first child is born, or by age 25 if nulliparous."

Accepted Answer

The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends that women begin receiving Pap smears at age 21, regardless of whether or not they are sexually active. However, decisions regarding the need for and frequency of Pap smears or other cancer screening procedures should be made after consultation between the patient and healthcare provider. This allows for individualization of care based on risk factors and medical history. Option A is incorrect because Pap smears are not needed annually unless there are abnormalities or other risk factors present. Option B is incorrect because Pap smears are not recommended until age 21. Option D is incorrect because there is no evidence that a woman needs to have a child or be a certain age before receiving a Pap smear.

Quiz 2: Preface

A nurse is providing post-test instructions to a patient following thyroid scan.Which of the following should the nurse tell the patient? Select all that apply.

A nurse works at a community health clinic that provides screening for people who are at high risk for acquiring a hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.Which groups are at high risk for acquiring this infection? Select all that apply.

A patient has just undergone a bone scan and the results show no bone abnormalities.However, the health-care provider is concerned that the result may be a false negative.Which of the following factors would likely cause a false negative? Select all that apply.

A patient is suspected of having a neuroblastoma.Which test would be most appropriate for confirming this suspicion?

A patient's laboratory test results indicate an increased level of vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) in the urine.The nurse is aware that this finding is associated with which of the following conditions? Select all that apply.

A patient has laboratory results that show gliadin antibodies that are strongly positive for both immunoglobulin A (IgA) and G (IgG) .Based on these results, the nurse should instruct the patient to:

A needle biopsy of a breast lump shows that a patient has a high HER-2/neu oncoprotein level.Based on this result, the nurse should plan interventions to:

A nurse is assisting with a bronchoscopy procedure with a rigid bronchoscope.Which of the following are advantages of the rigid bronchoscope compared with the flexible bronchoscope? Select all that apply.

While transferring a blood specimen from a syringe into a specimen container, a nurse feels a drip that has splashed from the container onto the nurse's face.Which action by the nurse is most appropriate?

A patient needs to undergo testing to assess cardiovascular disease risk.Which test would be most appropriate for this purpose?

A patient's breast biopsy results indicate the results below.Which of them are favorable findings, indicating a lower likelihood of breast cancer, or a higher likelihood of a more manageable type of breast cancer? Select all that apply.

A patient's laboratory test results indicate elevated triglycerides (TGs) levels.The nurse is aware that this finding is consistent with which of the following conditions? Select all that apply.

A patient has just learned that she has human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) .The nurse is providing teaching regarding protection against opportunistic infections.Which of the following should the nurse mention? Select all that apply.

A nurse is providing care to a patient following a bone biopsy.Which of the following actions should the nurse take? Select all that apply.

A patient is scheduled for a prostate sonogram or transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) .Prior to the examination, the nurse should instruct the patient to:

A patient's laboratory test results indicate a high level of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2/neu) oncoprotein.This finding is most associated with which of the following?

A nurse is assessing a child with a possible ear infection.When inserting an otoscope into the ear of a child, the nurse should hold the child's head steady and:

During a precollege physical examination, a student asks a nurse when a young woman should have a pelvic examination with a Papanicolaou (Pap) smear for the first time.Which response by the nurse is correct?