Question 1

Which situation shows that the child cannot conserve?

Accepted Answer

In this situation, Chao thinks he has more juice than his sister because his bottle is poured into a taller glass, indicating that he cannot conserve the quantity of liquid despite it being the same amount. The other options do not involve conservation but rather misunderstandings or imaginative play.

Question 2

During childhood a child's:

Accepted Answer

During childhood, the body undergoes significant changes where it becomes less chubby and more elongated. This is characterized by the body thinning out and the limbs (arms and legs) getting longer, which is a natural part of growth and development.

Question 3

When Ernesto sees his mother roll the thick ball of dough into a thin circle for a pie crust, he says, "Now there is more dough, because it's bigger." His sister Lara tells Ernesto, "No, it's the same amount because Mommy could just roll it back again and it would look the same." According to Piaget's framework, Ernesto cannot conserve and Lara can:

Accepted Answer

Piaget's theory of cognitive development suggests that children go through stages of development, during which they acquire new cognitive skills. The concept of conservation is the idea that volume, mass, and number remain the same even when the appearance of an object changes. Ernesto's statement that the bigger circle has more dough shows that he cannot conserve, as he only focuses on the appearance of the object. Lara, on the other hand, understands that the amount of dough remains the same regardless of the appearance, which indicates that she can conserve.

Question 4

Worldwide, the greatest threat to children's physical development is:

Accepted Answer

Undernutrition is the greatest threat to children's physical development worldwide. According to UNICEF, an estimated 149 million children under the age of 5 suffer from stunted growth due to undernutrition. This can lead to a host of long-term health problems and can also impact cognitive development. While obesity is a growing concern in many countries, undernutrition remains a more pressing issue in low-income and developing countries. Polluted water can also pose a threat to children's physical health, but generally has a more localized impact. Overprotective parents may have an impact on children's emotional and social development, but are unlikely to impact physical development to the same degree as undernutrition.

Question 5

Three-year-old Meilin is unusually good at climbing, jumping, and catching a ball. Her parents should:

Accepted Answer

Meilin's natural abilities should be encouraged and nurtured, but it is important not to push her too hard or make her feel pressured to perform. Giving her opportunities to exercise her skills through play and sports can be beneficial for her physical development and overall well-being. However, it is also important to balance physical activity with other areas of development, such as academics and social skills.

Question 6

If Carmen is coaching a mixed-gender softball team, the boys will MOST likely have the clear-cut advantage:

Accepted Answer

Since boys typically have greater physical strength and athleticism, they are more likely to pitch faster and hit the ball harder than girls.

Question 7

Which is an example of (1) a gross motor talent and (2) a fine motor talent?

Accepted Answer

Gross motor talents involve the movement of large muscles in the body, such as those used for climbing a tree. Fine motor talents involve smaller movements that use the small muscles of the fingers, hands, and arms, like forming letters.

Question 8

Which term describes each of the following concrete operational skills? (1) understanding that an increase in one dimension of a substance can make up for a loss in another dimension of the substance; (2) understanding that changing the shape of a substance doesn't change its amount; (3) realizing that candy is the name for both chocolate and gummy bears.

Accepted Answer

(1) is described by conservation of mass, which is the understanding that the quantity of a substance remains the same despite changes in its shape or form. (2) Decentering allows a child to consider multiple aspects of a problem to solve it, but in this context, the term "conservation" is more accurate for understanding that changing the shape of a substance doesn't change its amount. (3) Class inclusion refers to the ability to understand that a whole category can include several different subcategories, such as understanding that "candy" can include both "chocolate" and "gummy bears."

Question 9

Which situation shows a child's lack of an understanding of identity constancy?

Accepted Answer

Hermia's belief that her father transforms into a superhero when he puts on a costume demonstrates a lack of understanding of identity constancy. She does not understand that her father's outward appearance may change, but he is still the same person underneath the costume. Options A, B, and D do not involve identity constancy but rather a lack of understanding of time, volume, and imagination.

Question 10

James experienced undernourishment when he was a small child. This may have negatively impacted the development of:

Accepted Answer

Undernourishment can negatively impact the development of gross motor skills, which involve large muscle movements such as crawling, walking, and running. It may also affect the development of fine motor skills, which involve smaller movements such as grasping objects, but this is not one of the options. Vision, speech, and hearing may be impacted by other factors such as genetics or environmental exposure, but they are not directly related to undernourishment.

Question 11

Boris looks at a bouquet of daisies and carnations, and knows that there are more flowers than daisies in the vase. Boris understands:

Accepted Answer

Boris is recognizing that the category of flowers (which includes both daisies and carnations) is larger than the category of just daisies, demonstrating an understanding of class inclusion. Seriation refers to the ability to arrange objects in a specific order, conservation of mass refers to the understanding that the amount of a substance remains the same despite changes in appearance or arrangement, and identity constancy refers to the understanding that people or objects maintain their identity over time and across different contexts. None of these concepts are directly related to Boris's observation about the bouquet of flowers.

Question 12

In choosing the best baseball players for an elementary school baseball team, and with all things being equal, would a coach choose Sandra or Sam to play on the team?

Accepted Answer

Given that all things are equal, it's best to choose both Sandra and Sam. While Sandra may be able to connect with the ball more easily, Sam's speed can be an asset on the team. It's important to have a mix of skills and strengths on a team to maximize its chances of success.

Question 13

Which of the following is an area of development that can be hindered due to undernutrition?

Accepted Answer

Undernutrition can hinder the development of the brain, leading to cognitive and neurological deficits that can have long-term effects on an individual's ability to learn, communicate and function in society. Poor nutrition during critical periods of growth, such as during pregnancy, infancy and early childhood, can cause permanent damage to the brain, resulting in stunted growth, limited intellectual capacity and impaired cognitive and motor development.

Question 14

Melissa watched 3 hours of TV each day while she was pregnant and then spent another 2 hours each day on the Internet. What might be expected regarding the amount of time she will allow her child to spend using technological devices?

Accepted Answer

Melissa's own habits of spending 5 hours a day on technological devices (3 hours on TV and 2 hours on the Internet) suggest she values or is accustomed to this level of engagement. Therefore, it's reasonable to infer she might not place strict restrictions on her child's use of technological devices.

Question 15

Undernutrition-or not having enough food-has which of the following effects?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Undernutrition-or not having enough food-has which of...

Question 16

A 5-year-old who is incredibly talented at remembering and copying designs will MOST likely be _____ at a younger age.

Accepted Answer

If the child is talented at remembering and copying designs, it indicates good spatial awareness and fine motor skills, which are important for writing well.

Question 17

With regard to sex differences in childhood motor skills:

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that girls tend to have better fine motor skills, while boys tend to have better gross motor skills. This difference may be attributed to differences in brain development and hormone levels. However, it is important to note that individual differences exist and both boys and girls can develop proficiency in both fine and gross motor skills with practice.

Question 18

Which child is showing animism?

Accepted Answer

Debare, who thinks that his toy bear is alive, is showing animism which is the belief that inanimate objects have feelings and behaviors like humans or other living things.

Question 19

During kindergarten, which physical ability suggests a child might be academically advanced at school?

Accepted Answer

Reproducing designs seen on a previous page indicates strong visual and spatial abilities, which are related to skills in math and reading. This suggests that the child may be academically advanced. The other abilities listed are mainly related to physical skills and do not necessarily indicate academic ability.

Question 20

Three-year-old Lola watches her mother roll a ball of dough into a thin circle for a pie crust, and exclaims, "You made more dough!" Lola lacks an understanding of conservation of:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Three-year-old Lola watches her mother roll a...

Quiz 5: Early Childhood