Question 1

Rosa notes in her comparative historical research that one group she studied was sedentary but was not fully industrialized and relied primarily on crops as its means of livelihood.This group would best be classified as:

Accepted Answer

The term "agrarian" refers to a society that relies primarily on agriculture and crop cultivation for its means of livelihood. This group described by Rosa fits this definition as they are sedentary and rely on crops, but they do not meet the criteria for being fully industrialized.

Question 2

Although the majority of developing countries lag well behind societies of the West,some have now successfully embarked on a process of industrialization.These are sometimes referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Emerging economies refer to developing countries that have made significant progress in industrialization and have the potential to become major global players in the future. This term is commonly used to describe countries such as China, India, Brazil, and South Africa, among others, that have experienced rapid economic growth and development in recent decades. The term "emerging economies" reflects the fact that these countries are gradually emerging as key players in the global economy, with rising levels of trade, investment, and innovation.

Question 3

Sweta studies how Britain came to control large parts of India before the Indian independence movement.It could be said that she is studying:

Accepted Answer

Colonialism refers to the policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically. Sweta is studying how Britain acquired political control over large parts of India, which falls under the category of colonialism.

Question 4

The textbook refers to the emergence of machine production based on the use of inanimate power resources (such as steam or electricity)as:

Accepted Answer

The emergence of machine production based on the use of inanimate power resources is commonly referred to as industrialization. This era marked a significant shift towards large-scale manufacturing and economic growth, which had a profound impact on society and the economy.

Question 5

Why might sociologists criticize the idea that the world is contemporarily made up of many isolated cultures?

Accepted Answer

Sociologists have observed the rise of globalization and the Internet, which suggests that different cultures are becoming more connected and less isolated. Therefore, they would likely criticize the idea that the world is made up of many isolated cultures.

Question 6

Hector is doing research on a tribe called the Malagasians.This group organizes itself in highly participatory ways,moves around frequently,and affords older people respect within the group.This group could be described as:

Accepted Answer

The characteristics mentioned in the description align with those of a hunter-gatherer society, which relies on mobility and participation to survive and respects the wisdom of older members.

Question 7

Jia Yin notes that in many countries,industrial development is,more or less,nonexistent.She is taking note of the:

Accepted Answer

The term "developing world" refers to countries that are still in the process of industrializing and are not yet fully developed. Therefore, Jia Yin's observation about the lack of industrial development in many countries suggests that she is noting the status of these countries as part of the developing world.

Question 8

Danny studies winks,waves,language,smiles,frowns,laughs,and any other kind of symbolic communication.What is he is researching?

Accepted Answer

Danny's research is focused on symbolic communication, which is rooted in the use of signifiers to convey meanings.

Question 9

Medina is looking at the historical period in which smaller groupings of humans developed into much larger societies,often ruled by kings,queens,and emperors with the creation of cities and increasing inequality.She is studying the birth of what most sociologists call:

Accepted Answer

The description given in the question refers to the development of civilizations, which are characterized by larger societies, cities, and centralized systems of rule. Additionally, the mention of increasing inequality is also consistent with the development of social hierarchies and classes that are often associated with the birth of civilizations. Religion, spirituality, and art may all play a role in the development of civilizations, but they are not sufficient on their own to explain the complex social and political structures that emerge during this period.

Question 10

Chen studies the process through which Brazil is shifting from workers mostly working in fields and living in rural villages to people living in cities and working in factories,offices,and the like.He is noting how Brazil is becoming a(n)__________ society.

Accepted Answer

The focus on Brazil's shift to people living in cities and working in factories and offices suggests a move towards an industrial society. A pastoral society emphasizes animal husbandry, while an agrarian society emphasizes farming. Postmodernism is a cultural and artistic movement, not a societal classification.

Question 11

Deric studies Singapore and the process through which it has begun developing a strong industrial base.It might be said that he is studying:

Accepted Answer

Deric is studying the development of Singapore's industrial base, which suggests an interest in understanding how emerging economies are emerging, rather than established economies (core countries). The other options are irrelevant to his area of study.

Question 12

According to the text,compared with larger societies-particularly modern societies,such as the United States-most hunting and gathering groups were:

Accepted Answer

The text suggests that hunting and gathering groups were more egalitarian than larger societies, such as the United States. This means that they were more equal in terms of power and social status, without a clear hierarchy or authoritarian structure.

Question 13

According to the textbook,writing serves all of the following functions EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

The textbook does not suggest that writing can be used to pass information on to other species. The other options are all mentioned as functions of writing.

Question 14

Ricky notes in his comparative historical research that one group he studied was not fully industrialized and relied primarily on domesticated livestock for its livelihood.This group would best be classified as:

Accepted Answer

The group that relies primarily on domesticated livestock for its livelihood is best classified as pastoral. Pastoral societies are focused on raising and managing animals for food, clothing, and other products, rather than on cultivating crops. Therefore, based on this description, option A is the best choice.

Question 15

Sociologists often refer to less developed societies,in which industrial production is either virtually nonexistent or developed only to a limited degree,as:

Accepted Answer

This is the most commonly used and accepted term to refer to societies that have not yet achieved industrial development or have limited industrial production. Other options such as "core nations", "emerging societies", and "nontraditionalist societies" do not accurately describe these types of societies.

Question 16

Societies whose subsistence derives from the rearing of domesticated animals are called __________ societies.

Accepted Answer

Societies whose subsistence derives from the rearing of domesticated animals are called pastoral societies. Agrarian societies rely on agriculture, while industrialized societies are based on manufacturing and production, and postmodern societies are characterized by a focus on technology and information.

Question 17

The process whereby Western nations established their rule in parts of the world away from their home territories is called:

Accepted Answer

Colonialism is the process by which Western nations established political, economic, social, and cultural control over other parts of the world outside their home territories. It involves the imposition of a foreign power's institutions, values, and beliefs on a colonized society. The main motivation for colonialism was economic gain, but it also involved religious, social, and political factors.

Question 18

Frank notices that at some point in relatively recent times,humans in some places began using machines powered by non-human means,such as steam and coal.Frank is noting what process?

Accepted Answer

Frank is noting the process of industrialization, which refers to the shift from manual labor to machine-based production, powered by non-human sources of energy such as steam and coal.

Question 19

A __________ is used to describe any vehicle of meaning-any set of elements used to communicate,including all types of communication.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A __________ is used to describe any...

Question 20

Societies whose means of subsistence are based on agricultural production (crop growing)are called __________ societies.

Accepted Answer

Agrarian societies are those whose primary means of subsistence is based on agricultural production, specifically crop growing. Pastoral societies rely on the domestication and herding of animals, urban societies are characterized by high population density and non-agricultural economic activities, and industrialized societies are characterized by advanced technology and mass production methods.

Quiz 2: Culture and Society