Question 1

Continuous data are strictly distributed in discrete units.

Accepted Answer

Continuous data can take on any value within a certain range, whereas discrete data can only take on specific values. Therefore, continuous data are not strictly distributed in discrete units.

Question 2

A researcher records the number of alcoholic drinks consumed per week by students living on campus in rural and urban colleges.In this example,the number of alcoholic drinks consumed per week is the dependent variable.

Accepted Answer

The number of alcoholic drinks consumed per week is the variable that is being measured, therefore it is the dependent variable. The type of college the students attend is not being measured and is therefore not the dependent variable.

Question 3

A researcher observes the number of tasks completed by male and female participants during a multitasking observation period.In this example,sex (male,female)is the quasi-independent variable.

Accepted Answer

The quasi-independent variable is a variable that cannot be manipulated by the researcher, and in this case, sex is a variable that cannot be manipulated. Therefore, it is a quasi-independent variable.

Question 4

The duration of drug use (in months)is a ratio scale measurement.

Accepted Answer

The duration of drug use can be measured on a continuous scale with a true zero point, making it a ratio scale measurement.

Question 5

The weight (in pounds)of a newborn infant is an interval scale measurement.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The weight (in pounds)of a newborn infant...

Question 6

Only an experiment can demonstrate cause-and-effect relationships between variables.

Accepted Answer

This is true because in an experiment, the researcher manipulates one variable (independent variable) to observe its effect on another variable (dependent variable). The control over the independent variable allows for the identification of any causal relationships between variables.

Question 7

In some cases,the number of participants in a sample can be greater than the number of persons in the population from which the same was selected.

Accepted Answer

The number of participants in a sample cannot exceed the total number of individuals in the population from which the sample is drawn, as the sample is a subset of the population.

Question 8

Many researchers who measure qualitative variables will also measure those that are quantitative in the same study.

Accepted Answer

It is common for researchers to measure both qualitative and quantitative variables in the same study. For example, a researcher studying the effects of a new medication on individuals may collect both qualitative data (such as patient narratives about their experiences with the medication) and quantitative data (such as blood pressure readings or biochemical measurements).

Question 9

The number of students in a class is an example of discrete,quantitative data.

Accepted Answer

The number of students in a class can only be a whole number (i.e. discrete) and is a measurable quantity (i.e. quantitative). Therefore, it is an example of discrete, quantitative data.

Question 10

The size of a reward (in grams)is an example of continuous,quantitative data.

Accepted Answer

Continuous data is quantitative data that can take on any value within a range, and the size of a reward can be measured in grams on a continuous scale.

Question 11

The political affiliation of participants (Democrat,Republican)is an example of discrete,qualitative data.

Accepted Answer

Discrete data is made up of distinct values or categories, and qualitative data is descriptive rather than numerical. Political affiliation is a categorical variable with distinct values (Democrat or Republican), so it fits the definition of discrete, qualitative data.

Question 12

Categorical data are one example of discrete data.

Accepted Answer

Categorical data are variables with values that represent categories, such as "red," "blue," or "green." These values are discrete and can be counted, which makes them an example of discrete data.

Question 13

A score on a multiple-choice exam (0-100 points)is a ratio scale measurement.

Accepted Answer

A ratio scale measurement has a true zero point, meaning a score of 0 on the exam indicates a complete lack of knowledge, and a score of 100 indicates mastery of the subject matter. Each point on the scale represents an equal unit of measurement, making it a ratio scale.

Question 14

Children are randomly assigned to complete a low,moderate,or high difficulty task.The time (in seconds)it takes them to complete the task is recorded.In this example,the level of task difficulty is the dependent variable.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Children are randomly assigned to complete a...

Question 15

A professor measures the number of review sessions attended per week and GPA in a sample of college freshmen and concludes that increased attendance for review sessions is related to higher grades.This research design is an example of an experimental design.

Accepted Answer

This research design is an example of a correlational study, not an experimental design. The professor is simply measuring the relationship between two variables (review session attendance and GPA) without manipulating any variables. In order for it to be an experimental design, the professor would have had to randomly assign participants to a group that attended review sessions and a group that did not and then compare the GPAs between the two groups.

Question 16

Qualitative data are non-numeric data.

Accepted Answer

Qualitative data refers to non-numeric data such as descriptions or characteristics. Examples of qualitative data include colors, textures, emotions, or opinions.

Question 17

A rating scale measurement from 1 (completely disagree)to 7 (completely agree)is an example of continuous,qualitative data.

Accepted Answer

A rating scale measurement involves assigning numerical values to subjective opinions and therefore is an example of discrete, ordinal data.

Question 18

An ordinal scale of measurement is more informative than an interval scale of measurement.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An ordinal scale of measurement is more...

Question 19

A student's letter grade (A,B,C,D,F)is a nominal scale measurement.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A student's letter grade (A,B,C,D,F)is a nominal...

Question 20

Children received grapefruit juice mixed with 2%,5%,or 10% sugar to test whether higher concentrations of sugar can enhance liking for the taste of grapefruit juice.In this example,the sugar mixtures are the independent variable.

Accepted Answer

The grapefruit juice and the concentration of sugar are the variables, but the sugar mixtures (2%, 5%, or 10%) are the independent variable being manipulated to see if they affect liking for the taste of the juice.

Quiz 1: Introduction to Statistics