Question 1

Which energy association is correct?

Accepted Answer

Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. Water stored behind a dam is potential energy, which does not have to be used immediately. Energy in chemical bonds is chemical energy. Light energy is a form of solar energy.

Question 2

ATP is a good source of energy for a cell because

Accepted Answer

Adenosine triphosphate contains the energy used by cells. It is versatile and can be used in many types of reactions occurring inside cells. The energy it releases is usually just sufficient for a biological purpose and does not waste more energy than needed. Its ability to break down and regenerate make it a reusable energy form that is easily coupled to an energy requiring reaction.

Question 3

Which of the types of cellular activities listed below would not use ATP?

Accepted Answer

Cells use ATP to carry out nearly all of their activities including active transport, muscle contraction, flagella movement, protein synthesis, and many others. Passive transport requires no cellular energy for it to occur as it moves materials across the cell membrane with the concentration gradient.

Question 4

Which statement most accurately describes the second law of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

The second law of thermodynamics tells us energy cannot be changed from one form to another without a loss of usable energy.

Question 5

Once the substrate moves into the active site of the enzyme,

Accepted Answer

According to the induced fit model, the binding of the substrate to the active site results in a change in the shape of the enzyme so that they fit together more exactly.

Question 6

Enzymes are able to speed up the rate of a reaction by

Accepted Answer

Enzymes are able to overcome the energy needed to start a reaction, called the energy of activation. By doing this, they make reactions happen more readily.

Question 7

Which of the following statements describes the correct flow of energy conversions through living systems?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplasts use solar energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into the chemical energy of nutrient molecules such as glucose. Mitochondria convert this chemical energy into ATP molecules, which cells use to perform chemical, transport, and mechanical work.

Question 8

The second law of thermodynamics states that all energy transformations result in more disordered energy. How does this relate to energy transformation in a living organism?

Accepted Answer

All of the energy taken into a living organism is eventually converted into heat energy and given off as unusable energy.

Question 9

The second law of thermodynamics states that all energy transformations result in more disordered energy. How can photosynthesis take more disordered carbon dioxide and water and convert them into glucose, which is more ordered?

Accepted Answer

The second law of thermodynamics refers to chemical reactions that do not require energy, and photosynthesis requires an input of solar energy to drive the reaction.

Question 10

Both starch and cellulose are made by stringing together many glucose molecules, but starch is easily digested by humans, while cellulose is indigestible. The starch polysaccharide has every bond occurring below the sugar rings while the bonds in cellulose alternate between one bond above the ring and the next below the ring. How can you explain humans'inability to digest cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes have very specific three-dimensional shapes that allow them to fit one type of molecule only. Every enzyme has a specific substrate.

Question 11

Which of the areas shown in the figure below indicates the presence of an enzyme in the movement of reactant over to product?

Accepted Answer

The energy needed to cause molecules to react with one another is called the energy of activation. The enzyme lowers the amount of energy required for a reaction to occur. Enzymes lower the energy of activation by bringing the substrates into contact and even by participating in the reaction at times.

Question 12

Enzymes are named based on the substrate that they bind. This is possible because

Accepted Answer

An enzyme is able to catalyze one substrate and produce one product.

Question 13

Why do metabolic pathways require tens to hundreds of different enzymes?

Accepted Answer

having a long line of enzymes to carry out the reaction allows the reaction to occur faster.Each enzyme has one substrate that it can act on so each intermediate must have a specific enzyme.

Question 14

A patient who is admitted to the hospital shares that she has been taking a series of "water pills" to help her lose weight. Her skin and mucous membranes are dry, and she is complaining of a headache. The physician on call asks for an IV treatment to be promptly administered. Based on the information given, what would likely be the type of IV solution given to this patient?

Accepted Answer

In medical settings, intravenous solutions IV) can be used to treat varied conditions. In the situation described here, the symptoms seen suggest that the individual is dehydrated. A solution that is hypotonic to the patient's cells will provide the greatest uptake of water to the dehydrated cells.

Question 15

The second law of thermodynamics states that all energy transformations result in more disordered energy. How do living organisms, which depend on the conversion of potential energy to kinetic energy to fuel their activities, continue to live?

Accepted Answer

Living organisms must take in fresh energy to replace the energy that was converted into heat and excrete the heat and disordered molecules so that they do not build up and cause further reactions to reach equilibrium.

Question 16

Which of the following is not a type of potential energy?

Accepted Answer

Potential energy is the energy contained in an object because of its structure or location.

Question 17

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the first law of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

The first law of thermodynamics, also called the law of conservation of energy, tells us energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be changed from one form to another.

Question 18

The changing of an enzyme's shape as the substrate binds to the active site is called the

Accepted Answer