Question 1

Motivation can be defined by three key elements. ________ is one of these three key elements and it is the element most of us focus on when we talk about motivation.
A) Intelligence
B) Experience
C) Expertise
D) Intensity
E) Knowledge

Accepted Answer

Intensity is the element most people focus on when discussing motivation. Intensity refers to the level of effort, energy, and enthusiasm put into pursuing a goal or task. It is the drive or desire to achieve that goal or task. The other two key elements of motivation are direction (knowing what goal to pursue) and persistence (the ability to stay committed to pursuing that goal despite obstacles).

Question 2

According to Douglas McGregor's Theory Y, a manager assumes that employees ________.
A) dislike work
B) need to be controlled
C) avoid responsibility
D) exercise self direction
E) attempt to avoid work

Accepted Answer

According to Theory Y, a manager assumes that employees exercise self direction and have a natural desire to achieve. This perspective assumes that work is inherently satisfying and that employees will seek out responsibility and be motivated to achieve their goals. Therefore, the best choice is D.

Question 3

Which of the following statements is true according to McClelland's theory of needs ?
A) People with a high achievement need prefer doing tasks that involve a very high level of risk.
B) People with a high achievement need prefer jobs that have a low degree of personal responsibility.
C) Best managers tend to have a high need for affiliation.
D) People with a high achievement need tend to be successful managers, especially in large organizations.
E) Best managers tend to have a high need for power.

Accepted Answer

According to McClelland's theory of needs, the best managers tend to have a high need for power. This is because they are motivated by the desire to influence and control others, which is crucial for effective management and leadership.

Question 4

You are trying to improve this situation with the help of Herzberg's two factor theory. You decide that your first job should be to improve the hygiene factors. Which of the following would you consider as a hygiene factor?
A) working conditions
B) training related to new skills
C) recognition
D) employee empowerment
E) promotion

Accepted Answer

Herzberg's two factor theory suggests that hygiene factors are important to maintain employee satisfaction and motivation, but they do not necessarily lead to increased job satisfaction. One of the key hygiene factors is working conditions, which includes issues such as physical comfort, cleanliness, and safety. This factor is important to ensure that employees are able to work comfortably and safely, but it does not necessarily lead to higher levels of job satisfaction. Therefore, improving working conditions could be a good first step in addressing this situation. Options B, C, D, and E are all related to the motivational factors, which are the second set of factors in Herzberg's theory. These factors include job satisfaction, achievement, recognition, and opportunities for growth and development. While important, they are not the first priority in addressing this situation.

Question 5

Jasmine wants to become head of her department. Although she will be greatly compensated if she achieves this aim and will gain control over many subordinates, the main reason she is pursuing this position is that she thinks she can do the job better than anyone else and wants people to know this. According to the McClelland's theory of needs, which of the following needs primarily drives Jasmine in this case?
A) the need for stability
B) the need for achievement
C) the need for growth
D) the need for affiliation
E) the need for power

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jasmine wants to become head of her...

Question 6

The two-factor theory proposes that ________.
A) within every human being, there exists a hierarchy of five needs and as each of these needs becomes substantially satisfied, the next one becomes dominant
B) employees inherently dislike work and must therefore be directed or even coerced into performing it
C) employees can view work as being as natural as rest or play, and therefore the average person can learn to accept, and even seek, responsibility
D) the factors that lead to job satisfaction are separate and distinct from those that lead to job dissatisfaction
E) achievement, power, and affiliation are three important needs that help explain motivation

Accepted Answer

The two-factor theory proposes that there are separate factors that lead to job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction. These factors are not opposite ends of the same continuum, but rather separate and distinct from each other.

Question 7

Which of the following statements is true regarding Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory?
A) The "social" needs are needs related to autonomy and achievement.
B) According to this theory, a substantially satisfied need no longer motivates.
C) The "esteem" needs are needs related to affection and friendship.
D) According to Maslow, social needs are lower order needs.
E) The lower order needs are satisfied internally.

Accepted Answer

Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory states that lower needs must be substantially satisfied before higher needs become motivators. In other words, a need that is already satisfied does not motivate behavior. This aligns with option B, making it the correct choice. Option A is incorrect because the "social" needs are related to love and belongingness, not autonomy and achievement. Option C is incorrect because the "esteem" needs are related to self-esteem and respect, not affection and friendship. Option D is incorrect because Maslow believed that social needs are higher order needs. Lastly, option E is incorrect because lower order needs are satisfied externally, such as through food and shelter, while higher order needs are satisfied internally, such as through self-actualization.

Question 8

According to the Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following is a lower order need?
A) social
B) safety
C) esteem
D) self-actualization
E) recognition

Accepted Answer

Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a theory which suggests that there are five levels of human needs that motivate behavior. These five levels of needs are physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization. Safety needs are considered a lower level need because they are required for basic survival and must be satisfied before a person can move on to higher level needs such as love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization. Social needs, recognition needs, and esteem needs are higher level needs, which are not as critical as safety needs. Therefore, option B (safety) is the correct answer.

Question 9

According to Douglas McGregor's Theory X, which of the following is a behavior that is most likely to be exhibited by a manager?
A) She empowers her subordinates.
B) She trusts her employees to use discretion in most matters.
C) She strictly controls all the details of any project she is managing.
D) She delegates authority extensively to junior managers.
E) She lets her employees choose their own goals.

Accepted Answer

According to McGregor's Theory X, managers who believe in this theory view their employees as being lazy, only motivated by money and needing strict control and direction. Therefore, a manager who strictly controls all the details of any project she is managing is most likely exhibiting Theory X behavior.

Question 10

According to the two-factor theory proposed by Herzberg, which of the following factors is considered a hygiene factor?
A) promotional opportunity
B) quality of supervision
C) achievement
D) recognition
E) responsibility

Accepted Answer

According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, hygiene factors are those that are necessary to prevent dissatisfaction among employees but do not necessarily create motivation or job satisfaction. Quality of supervision is considered a hygiene factor because while poor supervision can lead to job dissatisfaction, good supervision alone does not necessarily contribute to motivation or job satisfaction. A) Promotional opportunity, C) Achievement, D) Recognition, and E) Responsibility are all considered motivators, as they can contribute to job satisfaction and motivation.

Question 11

According to the two-factor theory, ________ is a motivating factor.
A) company policies
B) quality of supervision
C) responsibility
D) job security
E) pay

Accepted Answer

According to the two-factor theory, responsibility is a motivating factor that falls under the category of "satisfiers" or "motivators". These factors contribute to job satisfaction and motivation, while "hygiene" factors such as company policies, quality of supervision, job security, and pay only prevent dissatisfaction but do not necessarily lead to motivation.

Question 12

According to the two-factor theory, which of the following factors is most likely to create job satisfaction?
A) improving working conditions
B) fixing the heating system
C) receiving recognition for a job well done
D) improving the quality of supervision
E) changing company policies

Accepted Answer

The two-factor theory suggests that job satisfaction is dependent on both hygiene factors (such as working conditions, salary, and company policies) and motivators (such as recognition, sense of achievement, and personal growth). Among the given options, receiving recognition for a job well done is most likely to create job satisfaction as it is a motivator factor. Improving working conditions, fixing the heating system, improving the quality of supervision, and changing company policies are all hygiene factors that may prevent dissatisfaction but do not necessarily create job satisfaction.

Question 13

The ________ theory is also called motivation-hygiene theory.
A) hierarchy of needs
B) goal-setting
C) self-determination
D) cognitive evaluation
E) two-factor

Accepted Answer

The motivation-hygiene theory is also known as the two-factor theory, developed by Frederick Herzberg. It suggests that certain factors, such as job satisfaction and motivation, are attributed to job content and are considered as motivators, whereas other factors, such as working conditions and salary, are associated with job context and are considered as hygiene factors.

Question 14

Which level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs deals with satisfying one's hunger, thirst, and other bodily needs?
A) safety
B) physiological
C) social
D) esteem
E) psychological

Accepted Answer

The physiological level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs deals with basic physiological needs such as hunger, thirst, shelter, and sleep. This level forms the foundation of the pyramid, as these needs must be met before an individual can move on to addressing higher level needs like safety, social connection, esteem, and self-actualization.

Question 15

Which of the following statements is true according to the two-factor theory?
A) The hygiene factors tend to be intrinsic factors.
B) Factors that lead to job satisfaction are extrinsic factors.
C) Adequate hygiene factors ensure that people are not dissatisfied.
D) Recognition is a hygiene factor.
E) Hygiene factors lead to job satisfaction.

Accepted Answer

According to the two-factor theory, hygiene factors are necessary but not sufficient for job satisfaction. Adequate hygiene factors ensure that people are not dissatisfied, but they do not directly lead to job satisfaction. Factors that lead to job satisfaction are intrinsic factors such as recognition, achievement, and personal growth.

Question 16

Which of the following theories indicates the existence of a dual continuum?
A) hierarchy of needs theory
B) self-determination theory
C) two-factor theory
D) cognitive evaluation theory
E) theory of needs

Accepted Answer

The two-factor theory, proposed by Herzberg, suggests that there are two separate continuums of factors that contribute to job satisfaction and dissatisfaction. These two continuums are referred to as motivator factors (related to job satisfaction) and hygiene factors (related to job dissatisfaction). Thus, this theory indicates the existence of a dual continuum.

Question 17

According to the two-factor theory, which of the following statements would likely be true?
A) When the working conditions are improved, employees will be satisfied.
B) Quality of supervision is a motivation factor.
C) Fixing the conditions that make the employees dissatisfied will not make them satisfied.
D) Employees are dissatisfied due to lack of recognition.
E) The major reason for dissatisfaction is probably the lack of promotion.

Accepted Answer

According to the two-factor theory, also known as Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory, improving hygiene factors (like working conditions) can remove dissatisfaction but won't necessarily lead to satisfaction. Satisfaction is influenced by motivation factors like recognition and achievement.

Question 18

________ is defined as the processes that account for an individual's intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal.
A) Leadership
B) Management
C) Selective perception
D) Emotional labor
E) Motivation

Accepted Answer

Motivation is defined as the processes that account for an individual's intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal. Leadership and management involve guiding and overseeing others, but do not necessarily encompass the idea of personal effort toward achieving goals. Selective perception refers to the tendency of individuals to selectively interpret what they see based on their own expectations and biases, while emotional labor involves managing one's own emotions as part of a job.

Question 19

Motivation is one of the most frequently researched topics in OB. According to a study, by workers' own reports, they waste roughly 2 hours per day, not counting lunch and scheduled breaks and the biggest time-wasters were Internet surfing and ________.
A) reading newspapers
B) listening to music
C) talking with co-workers
D) playing online games
E) reading books

Accepted Answer

Talking with co-workers is often cited as a major time-waster in workplace studies, as it can lead to extended conversations that distract from work tasks.

Question 20

McClelland's theory of needs concentrates on which three needs?
A) achievement, growth, and security
B) achievement, power, and affiliation
C) self-actualization, stability, and affiliation
D) affiliation, control, and security
E) control, status, and affiliation

Accepted Answer

McClelland's theory of needs focuses on three needs: achievement, power, and affiliation. Option A, C, D, and E contain incorrect needs.

Quiz 6: Motivation Concepts

Motivation can be defined by three key elements. ________ is one of these three key elements and it is the element most of us focus on when we talk about motivation.

According to Douglas McGregor's Theory Y, a manager assumes that employees ________.

Which of the following statements is true according to McClelland's theory of needs ?

You are trying to improve this situation with the help of Herzberg's two factor theory. You decide that your first job should be to improve the hygiene factors. Which of the following would you consider as a hygiene factor?

The two-factor theory proposes that ________.

Which of the following statements is true regarding Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory?

According to the Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following is a lower order need?

According to Douglas McGregor's Theory X, which of the following is a behavior that is most likely to be exhibited by a manager?

According to the two-factor theory proposed by Herzberg, which of the following factors is considered a hygiene factor?

According to the two-factor theory, ________ is a motivating factor.

According to the two-factor theory, which of the following factors is most likely to create job satisfaction?

The ________ theory is also called motivation-hygiene theory.

Which level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs deals with satisfying one's hunger, thirst, and other bodily needs?

Which of the following statements is true according to the two-factor theory?

Which of the following theories indicates the existence of a dual continuum?

According to the two-factor theory, which of the following statements would likely be true?

________ is defined as the processes that account for an individual's intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal.

Motivation is one of the most frequently researched topics in OB. According to a study, by workers' own reports, they waste roughly 2 hours per day, not counting lunch and scheduled breaks and the biggest time-wasters were Internet surfing and ________.

McClelland's theory of needs concentrates on which three needs?