Question 1

Deep processing of verbal information involves encoding the ________ of words.

Accepted Answer

Deep processing of verbal information involves encoding the meanings of words, which requires a more elaborate and meaningful analysis of the information. This type of processing leads to better retention and recall of the information. Encoding sounds, sizes, or shapes of words would not involve as much elaboration and would not facilitate long-term memory.

Question 2

To remember a list of the school supplies she needs, Marcy mentally visualizes each item at a certain location in her house. Marcy's tactic best illustrates use of

Accepted Answer

Marcy's tactic involves using a mnemonic technique, which is a memory aid that helps organize information in a way that is easier to remember. In this case, Marcy is using a visual-spatial mnemonic, which involves mentally placing each item on her list at a specific location in her house. This technique taps into the brain's natural ability to remember visual information and spatial relationships, making it a powerful memory aid.

Question 3

The letters Y, M, O, M, R, E are presented. Jill remembers them by rearranging them to spell the word "MEMORY." This provides an illustration of

Accepted Answer

Jill is using chunking, which is a method of organizing information into smaller, meaningful units to make it easier to remember. In this case, she is chunking the letters into the word "MEMORY." The other options are not relevant to this situation – automatic processing refers to unconscious information processing, the spacing effect refers to the phenomenon that spaced repetitions of information lead to better retention, and the peg-word system is a mnemonic device that uses rhyming words to help remember items in a list.

Question 4

Using your working memory to link an unfamiliar textbook glossary term with the first letter sound required to pronounce the term illustrates

Accepted Answer

The answer of Using your working memory to link an...

Question 5

Memory aids that involve the use of vivid imagery and clever ways of organizing material are called

Accepted Answer

Mnemonics are memory aids that involve the use of vivid imagery and clever ways of organizing material. Procedural memories are memories of how to do things, implicit memories are memories that are not consciously recalled, and iconic memories are the type of sensory memory that involves visual information.

Question 6

Enhanced memory after retrieving rather than simply reading information is demonstrated by

Accepted Answer

The testing effect refers to the phenomenon where memory is enhanced after retrieving information from memory. This is in contrast to simply reading or studying information, which does not have the same effect. Imagination inflation refers to the phenomenon where imagining an event happening can lead to a false memory of that event. Automatic processing refers to processing information without conscious awareness or effort, while chunking refers to grouping information together to make it easier to remember.

Question 7

Students often remember more information from a one-semester course than from an intensive three-week course. This best illustrates the importance of

Accepted Answer

The spacing effect refers to the fact that spaced repetition of material over time produces better long-term retention than cramming. This is the most relevant concept to the scenario described, as it suggests that a longer course (with spaced repetition) is more effective than a shorter, intensive course. The other options (serial position effect, automatic processing, implicit memory) are not directly related to the scenario.

Question 8

Encoding a word on the basis of its meaning produces a better memory of the word than encoding a word on the basis of its sound. This best illustrates the value of

Accepted Answer

The concept of encoding based on meaning rather than sound is related to the idea of deep processing. When we engage in deep processing of information, we are more likely to create strong and lasting memories. This is because we are paying close attention to the meaning and significance of the information being learned, which helps us to better understand and remember it. Therefore, choice B is the best answer.

Question 9

Short-term memory capacity can be increased through

Accepted Answer

Chunking is a memory technique where we group together separate pieces of information into larger blocks or chunks. This helps increase the capacity of short-term memory as it allows us to remember more items as a single unit. Retrograde amnesia, the serial position effect, and proactive interference are not methods for actively increasing short-term memory capacity.

Question 10

Young adults have ________ working-memory capacity than children and ________ working-memory capacity than older adults.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Young adults have ________ working-memory capacity than...

Question 11

By creating an outline in which specific facts and theories are located within the larger framework of major topics and subtopics, Jasmine can remember much more of what she reads in her textbooks. This best illustrates the benefits of

Accepted Answer

Hierarchical organization is the process of organizing information into a hierarchy of categories and subcategories. By using this method, information is easier to remember and retrieve as it is stored in a structured and organized format. This is exactly what Jasmine is doing by creating an outline that places specific details within larger topics and subtopics. The other options, implicit memory, serial position effect, and spacing effect, while all important concepts in memory research, do not directly relate to the process of organizing information in a hierarchical manner.

Question 12

The use of acronyms to improve one's memory of unfamiliar material best illustrates the value of

Accepted Answer

The use of acronyms is a form of chunking, where information is organized into smaller, more manageable units. This can improve memory retention and recall of unfamiliar material. The spacing effect refers to the phenomenon that information is better retained when studied over a longer period of time with breaks in between. The serial position effect refers to the tendency to better recall information at the beginning and end of a list. Automatic processing refers to the unconscious encoding of information that occurs without effort.

Question 13

The tendency for distributed study to yield better long-term retention than massed study is known as

Accepted Answer

The spacing effect refers to the finding that distributing learning over time (spacing) typically leads to better long-term retention than massing learning all at once (massed). This is why cramming for an exam is typically not as effective as studying a little bit every day leading up to the exam.

Question 14

Which of the following is a mnemonic that makes effective use of vivid imagery?

Accepted Answer

The peg-word system involves associating items with pegs (for example, numbers) and then creating a vivid image that combines the item you're trying to remember with the peg. This is a mnemonic that makes effective use of vivid imagery to aid in memory recall.

Question 15

Encoding verbal information based on the meaning of words is called

Accepted Answer

Encoding verbal information based on the meaning of words is known as semantic processing, which involves attaching meaning to information rather than just memorizing it by rote.

Question 16

Deep and shallow processing refer to different types of

Accepted Answer

Deep and shallow processing refer to different types of encoding, which is the process of getting information into memory. Shallow processing involves simply perceiving and rehearsing information, while deep processing involves making meaningful connections and associations with the information.

Question 17

Which of the following questions about the word pen would best prepare you to correctly remember tomorrow that you had seen that word in today's test?

Accepted Answer

This question prompts you to form a mental image and associate the word "pen" with a specific context (i.e. a boy putting it on his desk). This type of elaborative rehearsal can enhance memory retention.

Question 18

Most people misrecall the sentence, "The angry rioter threw the rock at the window" as "The angry rioter threw the rock through the window." This best illustrates the importance of

Accepted Answer

The answer of Most people misrecall the sentence, "The angry...

Question 19

Wei Dong was asked to memorize a long list of words that included "ship, effort, professor, and inquire." He later recalled these words as "boat, work, teacher, and question." This best illustrates the impact of

Accepted Answer

Wei Dong's recall of the meaning of the words rather than their exact wording suggests that he engaged in semantic processing, which involves encoding the meaning of information rather than just its surface features. This is supported by the fact that he was able to recall related words with similar meanings to the original words on the list.

Question 20

The organization of individual items into larger familiar units is called

Accepted Answer

The organization of individual items into larger familiar units is known as chunking. This technique helps improve memory recall by making it easier for the brain to store and retrieve larger pieces of information rather than trying to remember each individual item separately. The other options listed involve different memory strategies, but do not specifically relate to organizing individual items into larger units.

Quiz 8: Memory