Question 1

The first time that 4-year-old Sarah saw her older brother play a flute, she thought it was simply a large whistle. Sarah's initial understanding of the flute best illustrates the process of

Accepted Answer

The answer of The first time that 4-year-old Sarah saw...

Question 2

Nageeb thought all nurses were young females until a middle-aged male nurse took care of him. Nageeb's altered conception of a "nurse" illustrates the process of

Accepted Answer

The process described in the scenario is accommodation, which involves changing one's existing schema or understanding of a concept to make sense of new information or experiences. Nageeb previously had a narrow schema regarding nurses, but after encountering a male nurse, he expanded his understanding to include men as well.

Question 3

Three-year-olds who experienced a fire evacuation caused by a burning popcorn maker were unable to remember the cause of this vivid event when they were 10-year-olds. This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Infantile amnesia refers to the inability of adults to retrieve episodic memories from the first few years of life. This includes events that may have been vivid and emotional, such as the fire evacuation experienced by the three-year-olds in this scenario. The fact that they were unable to remember the cause of the event when they were 10-year-olds is consistent with the phenomenon of infantile amnesia.

Question 4

Mr. and Mrs. Batson can't wait to begin toilet training their year-old daughter. The Batsons most clearly need to be informed about the importance of

Accepted Answer

Maturation refers to the biological and physical changes that occur naturally as an individual grows and develops. Toilet training readiness is largely determined by maturation, including the development of bladder and bowel control. Therefore, Mr. and Mrs. Batson need to be informed about the importance of waiting for their daughter to reach a certain level of physical and biological development before beginning toilet training. It is important to note that the specific age at which a child is ready to begin toilet training can vary greatly and should be based on individual readiness rather than a strict timeline.

Question 5

Cognition refers to

Accepted Answer

Cognition refers to the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.

Question 6

Which psychologist was most influential in shaping our understanding of cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

Jean Piaget was most influential in shaping our understanding of cognitive development. He proposed that children actively construct their understanding of the world through their own experiences and interactions, and identified several key stages of cognitive development.

Question 7

A critical period is a phase during which

Accepted Answer

A critical period is a specific time frame during which exposure to certain experiences is necessary for healthy development.

Question 8

Incorporating new information into existing theories is to ________ as modifying existing theories in light of new information is to ________.

Accepted Answer

Incorporating new information into existing theories is known as assimilation, and modifying existing theories in light of new information is known as accommodation.

Question 9

Lacking any exposure to language before adolescence, a person will never master any language due to the ________ of unemployed neural connections.

Accepted Answer

The process of pruning involves the elimination of unused or unnecessary neural connections in the brain, allowing for the strengthening of important connections. Without exposure to language before adolescence, the neural connections related to language acquisition would not be used, leading to pruning and preventing the mastery of any language.

Question 10

One study found that English-speaking adults could relearn subtle sound contrasts in the Hindi or Zulu they had spoken as children even though they had no ________ the Hindi or Zulu language they had once spoken.

Accepted Answer

The sentence mentions that the adults had no "conscious memory" of the Hindi or Zulu language they had once spoken, indicating that they were not actively aware of their knowledge of the language. Therefore, B is the best choice. A, C, and D are not supported by the sentence.

Question 11

Piaget was convinced that the mind of a child

Accepted Answer

Piaget believed that cognitive development occurs through a series of stages. He argued that children actively construct their understanding of the world through their experiences and interactions with their environment, rather than passively receiving information from it. Piaget's theory emphasizes the importance of both nature and nurture in shaping the development of the child's cognitive abilities.

Question 12

Four-year-old Karen can't remember anything of the first few months of her life. This is best explained by the fact that

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus and frontal lobes, which are crucial for the formation and retrieval of memories, are not fully developed during the first few months of life. Therefore, Karen's inability to remember anything from this time period is most likely due to the immaturity of these brain structures.

Question 13

Horace, the youngest child of a high school athletic director, was able to roll over at 3 months, crawl at 6 months, and walk at 12 months. This ordered sequence of motor development was largely due to

Accepted Answer

The ordered sequence of motor development that Horace experienced is largely due to maturation, which refers to the biological growth processes that agree to changes in behavior. Maturation sets the course of development, while experience adjusts it. Habituations refer to decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation. Responsive parenting and imprinting are not relevant to the context of Horace's motor development.

Question 14

According to Piaget, accommodation refers to

Accepted Answer

Piaget believed that accommodation involves modifying existing schemas or creating new ones to make sense of new experiences. It is a cognitive process that allows individuals to adapt to their environment and develop more complex and accurate representations of the world around them.

Question 15

Interpreting new experiences in terms of existing schemas is called

Accepted Answer

Assimilation is the process by which new experiences are interpreted in terms of existing schemas. It involves incorporating new information into pre-existing beliefs or understanding of the world. Egocentrism refers to the tendency to view the world solely from one's own perspective, while imprinting is a type of learning that occurs early in life and involves forming strong, irreversible attachments. Accommodation, on the other hand, involves altering existing schemas or creating new ones in order to make sense of new information.

Question 16

Infant motor development is typically characterized by individual differences in ________ of the major developmental milestones.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Infant motor development is typically characterized by...

Question 17

Our earliest conscious memories seldom predate our third birthday. This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Infantile amnesia refers to the phenomenon of not being able to consciously remember events that occurred before the age of three or four. This is due to the underdeveloped state of the brain's hippocampus, which plays a critical role in the formation and storage of long-term memories. Therefore, the fact that our earliest conscious memories seldom predate our third birthday is a result of infantile amnesia.

Question 18

Putting babies to sleep on their backs to reduce the risk of crib death has been associated with a slight delay in children's

Accepted Answer

The answer of Putting babies to sleep on their backs...

Question 19

Which of the following represents the correct order of Piaget's stages of cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

Piaget's stages of cognitive development proceed in the following order: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational. Choice C correctly lists them in chronological order.

Question 20

According to Piaget, schemas are

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget, schemas are mental frameworks for organizing and interpreting information based on one's experiences in the world. They help individuals understand and make sense of new information by providing a set of pre-existing categories for interpretation.

Quiz 4: Developing Through the Life Span