Question 1

Which of the following statements about patients in a cardiac rehab program is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

Exercise tests for coronary disease patients typically do involve the use of a 12-lead EKG, so statement D is not true. The other statements are all true.

Question 2

Ketosis is a condition of acidosis resulting from

Accepted Answer

Ketosis occurs when the body breaks down fat for energy instead of glucose, which can cause the buildup of acidic ketones in the blood. Therefore, excessive fat metabolism is the cause of ketosis, not low blood glucose or high insulin levels, and eating sugar would actually prevent the body from entering into a state of ketosis.

Question 3

An asthma attack is characterized by an early phase of allergic reactions.Which of the following reactions are involved in the early phase of an asthma attack?

Accepted Answer

All three reactions (contraction of bronchial smooth muscle, vascular leakage, and mucus secretion) are involved in the early phase of an asthma attack.

Question 4

Which of the following is used to treat patient during an asthma attack?

Accepted Answer

Beta-2 receptor agonists are used in the emergency treatment of asthma attacks to quickly open up the airways and improve breathing. Cromolyn sodium is used as a preventive medication, while immunotherapy and leukotriene inhibitors are used for long-term management of asthma.

Question 5

Which of the following statements concerning diabetes is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

This statement is not true. Patients with diabetes can benefit significantly from exercise as it can help improve insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake by muscles. Regular exercise can also help reduce the risk of complications associated with diabetes such as heart disease and neuropathy.

Question 6

Which of the following statements are NOT recommendations to lower elevated blood pressure in individuals with hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Performing resistance training at 90-100% 1-RM is not a recommended way to lower elevated blood pressure. In fact, it may increase blood pressure temporarily during the exercise. The other three options (Lose weight if overweight, Perform moderate intensity exercise for at least 30 minutes on most days of the week, and Reduce sodium intake) are all recommended ways to lower elevated blood pressure in individuals with hypertension.

Question 7

A condition that is regarded as a contributing cause of Type 2 diabetes is

Accepted Answer

Obesity is a well-known risk factor for Type 2 diabetes, as excess body weight can lead to insulin resistance and impair glucose regulation in the body.

Question 8

A primary and major risk factor for developing osteoporosis for women over 50 years of age is ________.

Accepted Answer

Estrogen plays a crucial role in maintaining bone density, and a decrease in estrogen levels after menopause is a significant risk factor for developing osteoporosis in women over 50 years old. A diet low in phosphorus and a lack of exercise can contribute to overall bone health, but they are not considered primary risk factors for osteoporosis in this demographic.

Question 9

Strength generally declines about _________ between 20 and 50 years of age.

Accepted Answer

Strength generally declines about 15-20% between 20 and 50 years of age. This decline is part of the natural aging process and can be influenced by factors such as physical activity levels and overall health.

Question 10

Type I diabetes typically develops early in life and represents about _____% of those with diabetes.

Accepted Answer

Type I diabetes accounts for about 5% of all cases of diabetes, typically developing early in life and being characterized by the body's inability to produce insulin.

Question 11

A person would be considered to be pre-diabetic if his or her

Accepted Answer

According to the American Diabetes Association, pre-diabetes is diagnosed when fasting blood glucose values are between 101-126 mg/dl. A fasting plasma glucose value of <100 mg/dl is considered normal, and a value of >127 mg/dl is consistent with a diagnosis of diabetes. An oral glucose tolerance value >200 mg/dl is also consistent with a diagnosis of diabetes.

Question 12

Asthma results in a decrease in airway diameter.In some patients,an allergen binds to IgE antibodies on the mast cell and promotes the release of inflammatory mediators including____________________.

Accepted Answer

The release of inflammatory mediators in asthma includes histamine, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes. Bromine and histidine are not typically involved in the mechanism of asthma. Glucocorticoids may be used as a treatment for asthma but are not released as an inflammatory mediator.

Question 13

Which of the following statements are TRUE about the recommendations for exercise during pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

All three statements are true. The "talk test" is a simple way to monitor exercise intensity during pregnancy, as the pregnant woman should still be able to carry on a conversation during exercise. Using the original Borg scale to monitor RPE between 12-14 is also a valid method for monitoring exercise intensity. It is always recommended for pregnant women to consult with their physician before starting a physical activity program to determine any individual risks or considerations.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT considered to be a potential cause of exercise-induced asthma?

Accepted Answer

Warm, moist air is generally not considered a trigger for exercise-induced asthma. Exercise-induced asthma is often triggered by breathing in cold, dry air, which can lead to bronchoconstriction. Warm, moist air, on the other hand, is less likely to cause such a reaction and is often considered more comfortable for individuals with asthma.

Question 15

Which of the following statements is TRUE about exercise-induced asthma?

Accepted Answer

Exercise-induced asthma is more likely to occur during activities that involve prolonged, strenuous exercise, which can lead to cooling and drying of the airways. Elite swimmers are particularly prone to exercise-induced asthma due to their exposure to chlorinated pool chemicals, which can irritate the airways.

Question 16

Type II diabetics often exhibit a number of risk factors for coronary heart disease including__________________.

Accepted Answer

Type II diabetics often exhibit hypertension, inactivity, obesity, and high blood cholesterol, all of which are risk factors for coronary heart disease.

Question 17

Which of the following drugs is often used to prevent a heart attack or release chest pain associated with myocardial ischemia?

Accepted Answer

Nitroglycerin is a vasodilator and is used to relieve chest pain associated with myocardial ischemia. It works by relaxing the smooth muscle in blood vessels, which increases blood flow and reduces the workload on the heart. It can also be used as a preventative measure for heart attacks by reducing the workload on the heart and improving blood flow. Beta 2 receptor agonists are primarily used for respiratory conditions, Cromolyn sodium is used for asthma, and statins are used to lower cholesterol levels.

Question 18

If insulin levels are markedly increased above normal when a type I diabetic begins exercise,continuous aerobic exercise would result in _______________.

Accepted Answer

Continuous aerobic exercise stimulates glucose uptake and utilization by muscles, which leads to a decrease in blood glucose concentration. However, if insulin levels are markedly increased above normal when a type I diabetic begins exercise, it can cause hypoglycemia (low blood glucose) during exercise. In this case, it is important to monitor blood glucose levels and adjust insulin dosage or carbohydrate intake to prevent hypoglycemia.

Question 19

An asthma attack that is brought on by exercise can often be prevented by

Accepted Answer

Taking proper medication prior to exercise can help prevent an asthma attack brought on by exercise. This medication may include inhaled bronchodilators or anti-inflammatory medication. Exercising at a high intensity or hyperventilating may actually trigger an asthma attack, and breathing cooled and dried air may not be enough to prevent an attack if medication is not taken beforehand.

Question 20

Insulin shock is a serious medical condition in which a diabetic is

Accepted Answer

Insulin shock is a condition in which a diabetic becomes severely hypoglycemic due to excess insulin in the body. This can happen if a diabetic takes too much insulin, skips meals, or engages in excessive physical activity without adjusting their insulin dose or carbohydrate intake accordingly. Symptoms include confusion, weakness, dizziness, sweating, and loss of consciousness. Prompt treatment with glucose or glucagon is necessary to raise blood sugar levels and prevent serious complications such as seizures or coma.

Quiz 18: Exercise Prescriptions for Health and Fitness