Question 1

Schooling ________ children's intelligence test performance.Children's intelligence ________ their later adult income.

Accepted Answer

Schooling enhances children's intelligence test performance by providing them with knowledge, critical thinking skills, and problem-solving abilities. Additionally, children's intelligence has been shown to enhance their later adult income, as higher intelligence can lead to better job opportunities, higher productivity, and thus higher earnings.

Question 2

Boys outnumber girls at extremely ________ levels of verbal fluency and at extremely ________ levels of solving complex math problems.

Accepted Answer

Boys tend to outnumber girls at extremely low levels of verbal fluency and at extremely high levels of solving complex math problems.

Question 3

In one massive study of 11,000 twin pairs in four countries,the heritability of general intelligence was found to be greatest during

Accepted Answer

The heritability of general intelligence was found to be greatest during young adulthood in the study of 11,000 twin pairs in four countries. This suggests that genetic factors play a stronger role in intelligence as people mature and reach adulthood.

Question 4

Which of the following is FALSE regarding adoption and intelligence?

Accepted Answer

The statement that the intelligence scores of fraternal twins who have been adopted do not correlate with one another is false. Studies have shown that the IQ scores of adopted siblings, whether biological or fraternal, do not correlate significantly during childhood, but do have a moderate correlation in adulthood.

Question 5

Brenda notices that men tend to take more risks than women do.Based on what she has learned about Steven Pinker's argument from an evolutionary perspective,she is likely to attribute this observed difference to

Accepted Answer

According to Steven Pinker's argument from an evolutionary perspective, differences in behavior between men and women are likely to be attributed to biology due to the differences in sex hormones and reproductive strategies that have developed over millions of years of evolution. The tendency for men to take more risks may be a result of the evolutionary pressure on males to compete with one another and attract mates.

Question 6

Girls are ________ likely than boys to recall correctly where they placed their eyeglasses,and they are _________likely than boys to detect whether their father or mother is feeling stressed.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that females often have better memory for object locations and are more attuned to emotional cues than males, making them more likely to remember where they placed items like eyeglasses and to detect stress in others.

Question 7

Psychologist Carol Dweck believes that training students to believe that intelligence is changeable,not fixed,can help them develop ________,in which students attribute their successes to hard work,not to fixed intelligence.

Accepted Answer

Psychologist Carol Dweck believes that training students to believe that intelligence is changeable, not fixed can help them develop a growth mindset, in which students attribute their successes to hard work, not to fixed intelligence.

Question 8

Shannon believes intelligence is a product of an interaction between genes and environmental influences.Shannon's position is consistent with

Accepted Answer

Shannon's position is in line with the concept of epigenetics, which asserts that gene expression can be influenced by environmental factors. This view sees intelligence as a result of the interaction of genes with experience and education.

Question 9

Tahir teaches ninth-grade science classes in a high school located in an economically deprived area of a large city.He stresses to his students that the brain is like a muscle;it grows stronger with use as neuron connections grow.He praises effort rather than ability.Tahir is trying to help his students through fostering

Accepted Answer

Tahir is trying to foster a growth mindset in his students, which emphasizes the idea that intelligence and abilities can be developed through dedication and hard work, rather than being innate traits. By stressing that the brain grows stronger with use, and praising effort rather than innate ability, Tahir is encouraging his students to believe in their potential for growth and development. Trait heritability, stereotype threat, and polygenetics are not relevant to Tahir's teaching approach in this scenario.

Question 10

Interventions that promote intelligence teach early teens that the brain is like a muscle that strengthens with use.This idea is designed to encourage teens to view intelligence as

Accepted Answer

Interventions that promote intelligence teach early teens that the brain is like a muscle that strengthens with use. This idea is designed to encourage teens to view intelligence as changeable over time, rather than fixed or solely determined by genetics.

Question 11

Professor Margo is conducting a twin study regarding intelligence.Specifically,she is studying Abigail and Brenda who are identical twins.They were born to Carla and Jim and were adopted by Darma and Henry,who already had two children,Terry and Veronica.In this example,who are the identical twins' biological parents?

Accepted Answer

The identical twins' biological parents are Carla and Jim, as stated in the question.

Question 12

Males' mental ability scores show greater ________ than females' mental ability scores.

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that males' mental ability scores have a greater variability than females' scores. This means that there are more males who score very high or very low on mental ability tests compared to females, who tend to cluster around the average. However, this does not necessarily mean that males are smarter than females overall.

Question 13

When promised money for doing well on an intelligence test,adolescents in four dozen studies scored higher.This best illustrates that intelligence test performance is influenced by

Accepted Answer

The fact that adolescents scored higher on intelligence tests when promised money for doing well suggests that their performance was motivated by the incentive of earning money. This indicates that motivation has an influence on intelligence test performance.

Question 14

The importance of environmental influences on intelligence is provided by evidence that

Accepted Answer

Neglected children who experience environmental deprivation often exhibit delayed cognitive development, suggesting the importance of environmental influences on intelligence. While options A, C, and D also provide evidence for the role of genetics and environment in intelligence, they do not specifically address the importance of environmental influences.

Question 15

Boys are most likely to outperform girls in a

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that males tend to excel in spatial abilities, such as mental rotation and spatial perception, while females tend to perform better in language-related tasks, such as spelling and speech-giving. Speed-reading does not necessarily correlate with gender differences in cognitive abilities.

Question 16

Babies in an Iranian orphanage suffered delayed intellectual development as a result of

Accepted Answer

The fact that the babies in the Iranian orphanage suffered delayed intellectual development strongly suggests that their environment played a role in this outcome. This means that they lacked the proper stimulation, care, and social interaction necessary for healthy cognitive development. It is unlikely that polygenetic effects, heritability, or a genetic disorder alone could account for this finding, although they may have contributed in some way.

Question 17

The study of how genes and environment interact to influence intelligence and other human characteristics is called

Accepted Answer

The study of how genes and environment interact to influence human characteristics is called epigenetics. Polygenetics refers to the study of how multiple genes interact to influence a trait, while heritability is the proportion of variability in a trait that can be attributed to genetic factors. Growth mindset refers to the idea that intelligence and abilities can be developed and improved through effort and persistence.

Question 18

The belief that intelligence is changeable facilitates

Accepted Answer

The belief that intelligence is changeable is a central tenet of Carol Dweck's theory of a growth mindset. This belief can lead to greater effort and persistence, as individuals believe that their abilities can improve with practice and hard work. It can also lead to increased academic achievement and greater success in various domains. Therefore, the belief in the changeability of intelligence is associated with a growth mindset.

Question 19

J.McVicker Hunt observed children in an Iranian orphanage being raised in an extremely deprived environment.These children were passive and cognitively immature.Hunt's successful training program for Iranian caregivers encouraged them to engage in ________ with these infants.

Accepted Answer

The training program encouraged the Iranian caregivers to engage in language-fostering games with the infants to help improve their cognitive development.

Question 20

With increasing age,adopted children's verbal ability scores become ________ positively correlated with their adoptive parents' scores and ________ positively correlated with their biological parents' scores.

Accepted Answer

This is a classic study in behavioral genetics called the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart. The study found that adopted children's verbal ability scores become less positively correlated with their adoptive parents' scores as they age, and more positively correlated with their biological parents' scores. This supports the idea that genetics play a larger role than environment in determining verbal ability.

Quiz 9: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Schooling children's intelligence test performance.Children's intelligence their later adult income.

Boys outnumber girls at extremely levels of verbal fluency and at extremely levels of solving complex math problems.