Question 1

Chief executives who inspire their colleagues to "transcend their own self-interests for the sake of the collective" demonstrate

Accepted Answer

The description of inspiring colleagues to go beyond their self-interest aligns with the concept of transformational leadership, which involves motivating and empowering individuals to create a collective vision and work towards achieving it. Flow refers to a state of complete engagement and focus, while directive style refers to a leadership approach that involves giving instructions and specific direction. 360-degree feedback refers to a performance appraisal process that involves feedback from multiple sources. None of these concepts fully align with the description given.

Question 2

Managers with a social leadership style would be most likely to

Accepted Answer

A social leadership style involves a focus on creating interpersonal relationships and promoting communication and collaboration within a team. Therefore, mediating a personal dispute between two argumentative employees is the most consistent with this style, as it involves resolving a conflict and promoting better relationships among team members. Discouraging discussion, providing easy assignments, or informing about deadlines may be important managerial tasks, but they do not necessarily reflect a social leadership style.

Question 3

All employees of the company where Jill works own 2 percent of the company.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

The fact that all employees own a portion of the company shows that there is participative management in place, as the employees are given a say in the ownership and therefore potentially in decision making.

Question 4

After studying how the different values of collectivist and individualist societies affect leadership,you have concluded that

Accepted Answer

The answer of After studying how the different values of...

Question 5

Employees who enjoy high-quality colleague relationships also engage in their work with more vigor.This best illustrates the value of a work environment that satisfies employees'

Accepted Answer

The need to belong refers to the basic human need to form social connections and feel a sense of belonging. When employees enjoy high-quality relationships with their colleagues, they are able to satisfy this need and are more likely to engage in their work with vigor. Therefore, a work environment that satisfies employees' need to belong is important for their engagement and productivity. The other options, implementation intentions, directive style, and charisma, do not directly relate to the importance of colleague relationships in the workplace.

Question 6

A performance evaluation program revealed that the most effective salespeople in a large company are sincere and energetic in their work.This led the company's psychological consultants to develop a simulation that would assess the extent to which applicants for company sales positions communicate in a forthright and animated manner.This most clearly illustrates the consultants' commitment to

Accepted Answer

The consultants are focusing on identifying and leveraging the strengths of potential salespeople, which aligns with the principles of strengths-based leadership.

Question 7

Managers who set standards and keep a group focused on its goals are said to excel in

Accepted Answer

Setting standards and keeping a group focused on its goals are key traits of task leadership. Option B, 360-degree feedback, is a method of evaluating an individual's performance from multiple perspectives, and is not directly related to this scenario. Option C, democratic management style, is a leadership style that emphasizes collaboration and participation from all team members, but does not necessarily relate to setting and enforcing standards. Option D, human factors psychology, is the study of how people interact with machines and technology, and is not relevant to this scenario.

Question 8

Encouraging employee productivity through recognition and reward illustrates effective use of

Accepted Answer

Encouraging employee productivity through recognition and reward reflects the use of operant conditioning, which involves shaping behavior by using consequences, in this case positive reinforcement through recognition and reward, to reinforce desired behavior.

Question 9

A person who spends a decent amount of time identifying and sharpening existing skills

Accepted Answer

A person who spends time identifying and sharpening existing skills is likely taking proactive steps towards career growth and development, which can lead to job satisfaction and success.

Question 10

Many experiments show that social leadership facilitates

Accepted Answer

Many experiments have found that social leadership, characterized by a leader who is supportive, communicative, and participative, leads to higher worker morale and job satisfaction.

Question 11

Effective leaders of large corporations as well as smaller work teams have been found to exude a charisma that involves

Accepted Answer

Effective leaders often motivate people to cooperate toward a common goal, which is a key aspect of their charisma. This involves inspiring and rallying team members around a shared vision or objective, rather than merely directing them or focusing solely on the mechanics of work.

Question 12

Employee engagement is most likely to be facilitated by

Accepted Answer

Transformational leadership emphasizes creating a sense of shared purpose and inspiring employees to go above and beyond in their work. This can lead to higher levels of engagement among employees. Unstructured interviews, halo errors, and human factors psychology are not directly related to employee engagement.

Question 13

Steve is extremely charismatic.This has been found to increase

Accepted Answer

Charisma is often associated with leadership as it helps in influencing and inspiring others, which are key aspects of effective leadership.

Question 14

Psychologists who help design machines so that they make use of our natural perceptions are called

Accepted Answer

The field of human factors psychology is concerned with designing machines and systems that are compatible with the capabilities and limitations of human beings, including our natural perceptions. Clinical psychologists are concerned with mental health issues and treatment, personnel psychologists focus on issues related to hiring and managing employees, and organizational psychologists focus on issues related to organizational structure and behavior.

Question 15

Compared with ineffective managers,those who excel invest a _______ proportion of their time and effort trying to remedy their employees' deficiencies and a _______ proportion of their time and effort trying to enhance their employees' talents.

Accepted Answer

Effective managers focus less on remedying deficiencies and more on enhancing their employees' talents, thus investing a smaller proportion of their time on the former and a larger proportion on the latter.

Question 16

Shauna is a company executive who encourages employees to voice their opinions and to participate in developing workplace rules and production goals.Shauna best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Shauna's leadership style is best characterized as democratic, as she encourages input and participation from employees in decision-making processes. The other choices do not accurately describe her leadership approach.

Question 17

A company executive enhances the success of her sales department by sending a congratulatory note to department employees who exceed their monthly sales quotas.The executive is most clearly making effective use of

Accepted Answer

The executive is using operant conditioning, which involves rewarding behavior that is desirable and reinforcing it, to increase the likelihood of that behavior being repeated in the future. By sending congratulatory notes to employees who exceed their sales quotas, the executive is providing positive reinforcement for their behavior and encouraging them to continue to perform well.

Question 18

Who would be most involved in designing user-friendly programming controls for a virtual reality system?

Accepted Answer

Human factors psychologists specialize in designing user-friendly interfaces and controls for technology systems, which would make them the most involved in designing programming controls for a virtual reality system. Organizational psychologists focus on optimizing workplace performance and assessing employee behavior, while personnel psychologists specialize in hiring and training employees. Social psychologists study social behavior and interactions.

Question 19

In its first phase,________ has examined cultural variations in leadership in 61 different countries.

Accepted Answer

Project GLOBE is a research project that focuses on examining cultural variations in leadership across different countries. The research has involved the participation of over 170 investigators and 17,000 organizational leaders across 61 different countries.

Question 20

Managing by objectives is most clearly designed to facilitate the process of

Accepted Answer

Managing by objectives is a management technique that involves setting specific goals and objectives with employees and managing their progress towards achieving those goals. It is designed to facilitate the process of setting work goals, not choosing a career, assessing job skills, or scripting employment interviews.

Quiz 17: Psychology at Work