Question 1

Define information-processing theory. According to this theory, what is the process that underlies cognition?

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Question 2

What is a developmental theory? Identify the three things discussed in the text that a theory can do.

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Question 3

Name four kinds of theories, and describe how they have contributed to science's understanding of human development.

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Question 4

Explain social learning theory. Who first described it, where does it come from, and what does it emphasize?

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Question 5

What are ethics, and why are ethical standards so important to scientific research?

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Question 6

Name and describe each of the five levels in Maslow's hierarchy of needs in order.

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Question 7

What practices must be built into a research study to protect participants?

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Question 8

Explain Bronfenbrenner's ecological-systems theory and describe his five systems.

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Question 9

Describe classical and operant conditioning, and name the researcher who first proposed each type of conditioning.

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Question 10

Define correlation, and give an example. Can one determine cause and effect from correlations? Explain why or why not.

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Question 11

Freud's theory of psychosexual development and Erikson's theory of psychosocial development are two examples of psychoanalytic theories. Describe two similarities of the theories and two differences between them.

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Question 12

Describe the two biologically based drives associated with evolutionary theory, and explain how selective adaptation relates to this theory.

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Question 13

List Piaget's four stages of cognitive development in order, and explain what Piaget believed causes intellectual advancement.

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Question 14

Define a critical period and a sensitive period. Explain the difference between the two periods, and give an example of each.

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Question 15

Define and discuss the term plasticity as it relates to human development. What factors influence plasticity in development? Offer at least one example of plasticity that has operated or is operating in your own life.

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Question 16

Imagine you are interested in the relationship between age and reading ability for children at 8 and 12 years old. Briefly define cross-sectional design, and summarize how you could test this relationship using that design.

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Question 17

Describe culture, and explain why researchers interested in human development study different cultures.

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Question 18

Define cohort, explain its effects, and give an example of one.

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Quiz 1: The Beginning: the Science of Human Development