Question 1

All the members of a single species that occupy a particular area and are able to interbreed are a

Accepted Answer

A population is a group of organisms of the same species that live in the same area and are capable of interbreeding. A subspecies is a geographically or genetically distinct group within a species. A gene pool is the total genetic information in a population. A domain refers to the highest level of biological classification, while a community refers to all the living organisms in a particular area. Therefore, the best choice is C, population.

Question 2

When only a few individuals survive unfavorable times,thereby losing the majority of genotypes in the next generation,it is called

Accepted Answer

The given scenario where only a few individuals survive unfavorable times and lose the majority of genotypes in the next generation is indicative of the bottleneck effect. This is a genetic phenomenon where a significant proportion of the population is lost in random events such as natural disasters, diseases, or human activities. This leads to a reduction in genetic diversity because the surviving individuals carry only a subset of the original genetic variations, leaving some alleles entirely lost. The reduced genetic diversity can make the population susceptible to genetic disorders or unable to adapt to changing environmental conditions.

Question 3

A random alteration in the sequence of DNA nucleotides that provides a new variant of the gene is

Accepted Answer

A random alteration in the sequence of DNA nucleotides that provides a new variant of the gene is known as gene mutation.

Question 4

The Amish of Lancaster,PA.have a higher frequency of an unusual form of dwarfism than the population at large.This is probably due to

Accepted Answer

This is likely a founder effect, where a small group of individuals with the dwarfism allele founded the Amish community and their descendants passed down the allele generation after generation. Because the community remains largely isolated and intermarriage is common, the frequency of the allele remains higher than in the larger population.

Question 5

The equation,p² + 2 pq + q² = 1.0,describes

Accepted Answer

The equation describes the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, which predicts genotype frequencies of a nonevolving population.

Question 6

If the frequency of the dominant gene is 0.7,what is the frequency of the recessive gene?

Accepted Answer

The frequency of the recessive gene can be calculated by subtracting the frequency of the dominant gene from 1. Therefore, the frequency of the recessive gene would be 1 - 0.7, which equals 0.3.

Question 7

The ____ is the total number of alleles of all the gene loci in all the members of a population.

Accepted Answer

The gene pool refers to the total number of alleles of all the gene loci in all the members of a population. Genetic drift refers to random fluctuations in the frequency of alleles in a population, while gene flow refers to the transfer of alleles between populations. Adaptive radiation refers to the diversification of a group of organisms into different forms, typically due to environmental pressures. Community refers to all the populations that live and interact in a particular area.

Question 8

What is the term used to describe the accumulation of small changes in the gene pool of a species over time?

Accepted Answer

The term used to describe the accumulation of small changes in the gene pool of a species over time is microevolution.

Question 9

Which of these conditions is NOT among the requirements of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

The requirement of a small population with genetic drift is not necessary for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. A large population size is actually better for maintaining the equilibrium. The other conditions listed (no net mutations, no net migration of alleles, no selection, sexually reproducing and random mating population) are all necessary for the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium to hold true.

Question 10

In comparing the number of differences in amino acids for cytochrome c: between a moth and a rattlesnake there are 31 different amino acids in the sequence,between a moth and a dog there are only 25,and there are 6 differences between a dog and a horse.Therefore,

Accepted Answer

The given information about the differences in amino acids between different organisms' cytochrome c sequences provides additional evidence for constructing a phylogeny or family tree, when combined with anatomical similarities and fossil records. This supports the idea of evolution and the relatedness between different species.

Question 11

A student proposes that left-handedness is a recessive trait that is therefore hidden in much of the human population.A survey of a class of 36 students finds that 27 (0.75)are right-handed and 9 (0.25)are left-handed.Using the Hardy-Weinberg formula,what would the expected genotype and allele frequencies be in this theoretical population?

Accepted Answer

The Hardy-Weinberg principle states that allele frequencies in a population remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of other evolutionary influences. Given that 25% of the population is left-handed (recessive homozygous), the allele frequency for the recessive allele is the square root of 0.25, which is 0.5. Therefore, the frequency of the dominant allele is also 0.5. Using the formula p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1, where p and q are the frequencies of the dominant and recessive alleles respectively, the expected genotype frequencies are 0.25 (right-handed homozygous), 0.50 (heterozygous), and 0.25 (recessive homozygous).

Question 12

Which of the following does NOT reflect(s)the likely presence of a gene mutation(s)?

Accepted Answer

Offspring having the same coloration as the parents is a normal feature and does not necessarily reflect the presence of a gene mutation. Variability in offspring (option A), altered physical features (option B), antibiotic resistance (option C), and altered DNA nucleotide sequences (option D) are all indicators of the presence of gene mutations.

Question 13

Which statement is NOT true about the founder effect?

Accepted Answer

The statement "The founder effect occurs when a population is subjected to near extinction and then recovers, so that only a few alleles are left in survivors" is NOT true. The founder effect occurs when a small group of individuals separates from a larger population and establishes a new population with limited genetic diversity. It is not necessarily linked to a population experiencing a genetic bottleneck or near extinction.

Question 14

Social research indicates that a person is most likely to marry someone from the same village or city,or a high school or college classmate.Therefore,the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium does not apply well to human populations because

Accepted Answer

The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium assumes random mating, but in human populations, individuals are not pairing up randomly across the whole population. Instead, social factors such as geography and education level often influence mate selection. This can lead to non-random mating patterns and genetic drift, which can change gene frequencies in a way that does not fit the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

Question 15

A variety of genotypes and phenotypes in a population is useful because it

Accepted Answer

A variety of genotypes and phenotypes in a population allows the species to survive if the environment changes. This is because certain traits may become advantageous or disadvantageous depending on the environment, so having diversity in the gene pool increases the chances of having individuals with the advantageous trait in a changing environment.

Question 16

The raw material for evolutionary change is

Accepted Answer

Mutation is the source of new genetic variation, which is the raw material upon which natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow act.

Question 17

If the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is met,what is the net effect?

Accepted Answer

If the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is met, there is no change in the frequency of alleles and genotypes in the population over time. This means there is no evolution occurring, as there is no selection pressure or other mechanisms leading to changes in the genetic makeup of the population. Therefore, the best choice is D (no evolution because the alleles in the population remain the same).

Question 18

According to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium,in a population in which 1% does NOT have freckles (recessive),what percentage of the next population is likely to NOT have freckles?

Accepted Answer

The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium predicts that the frequency of alleles in a population will remain constant from generation to generation, assuming there is no selection, mutation, migration, or genetic drift, and that mating is random. In this case, we know that 1% of the population does not have freckles, which means that the frequency of the recessive allele (for not having freckles) is q = 0.1. If we assume that the population is large enough that genetic drift can be ignored, we can use the Hardy-Weinberg equation to calculate the expected frequencies of genotypes:

p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1

where p and q are the frequencies of the dominant and recessive alleles, respectively, and p^2, 2pq, and q^2 are the frequencies of the three possible genotypes.

Since q = 0.1, we can calculate p as:

p = 1 - q = 0.9

And we can calculate the expected frequencies of the genotypes as:

p^2 (freckles/freckles) = 0.9^2 = 0.81
2pq (freckles/no freckles) = 2(0.9)(0.1) = 0.18
q^2 (no freckles/no freckles) = 0.1^2 = 0.01

Therefore, we can expect that 1% of the next population will not have freckles, since q^2 = 0.01 or 1%.

Question 19

If there is a change in the allele frequency of a gene pool due to chance,primarily in a small population,it is termed

Accepted Answer

Genetic drift is the random fluctuation of allele frequencies in a population's gene pool, primarily in small populations. This can occur due to chance events such as random fluctuations in population size, founder effects, or bottleneck events. Mutations, gene flow, nonrandom mating, and natural selection can also affect allele frequencies in a population, but they are not primarily driven by chance events in small populations.

Question 20

Which of the following is true about genetic drift?

Accepted Answer

Genetic drift can lead to the fixation of an allele in a population when its alternative allele is lost from the population. This is because, in a small population, genetic drift can have a greater impact on the frequency of alleles, and chance events may cause certain alleles to become more or less common over time. As a result, an allele may become fixed in the population when it is passed on to all individuals in the population and there are no alternative alleles left.

Quiz 27: Evolution of Life

All the members of a single species that occupy a particular area and are able to interbreed are a

When only a few individuals survive unfavorable times,thereby losing the majority of genotypes in the next generation,it is called

A random alteration in the sequence of DNA nucleotides that provides a new variant of the gene is

The Amish of Lancaster,PA.have a higher frequency of an unusual form of dwarfism than the population at large.This is probably due to

The equation,p² + 2 pq + q² = 1.0,describes

If the frequency of the dominant gene is 0.7,what is the frequency of the recessive gene?

The ____ is the total number of alleles of all the gene loci in all the members of a population.

What is the term used to describe the accumulation of small changes in the gene pool of a species over time?

Which of these conditions is NOT among the requirements of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

In comparing the number of differences in amino acids for cytochrome c: between a moth and a rattlesnake there are 31 different amino acids in the sequence,between a moth and a dog there are only 25,and there are 6 differences between a dog and a horse.Therefore,

Which of the following does NOT reflect(s) the likely presence of a gene mutation(s) ?

Which statement is NOT true about the founder effect?

Social research indicates that a person is most likely to marry someone from the same village or city,or a high school or college classmate.Therefore,the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium does not apply well to human populations because

A variety of genotypes and phenotypes in a population is useful because it

The raw material for evolutionary change is

If the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is met,what is the net effect?

According to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium,in a population in which 1% does NOT have freckles (recessive) ,what percentage of the next population is likely to NOT have freckles?

If there is a change in the allele frequency of a gene pool due to chance,primarily in a small population,it is termed

Which of the following is true about genetic drift?

Quiz 27: Evolution of Life

All the members of a single species that occupy a particular area and are able to interbreed are a

When only a few individuals survive unfavorable times,thereby losing the majority of genotypes in the next generation,it is called

A random alteration in the sequence of DNA nucleotides that provides a new variant of the gene is

The Amish of Lancaster,PA.have a higher frequency of an unusual form of dwarfism than the population at large.This is probably due to

The equation,p2 + 2 pq + q2 = 1.0,describes

If the frequency of the dominant gene is 0.7,what is the frequency of the recessive gene?

The ____ is the total number of alleles of all the gene loci in all the members of a population.

What is the term used to describe the accumulation of small changes in the gene pool of a species over time?

Which of these conditions is NOT among the requirements of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

In comparing the number of differences in amino acids for cytochrome c: between a moth and a rattlesnake there are 31 different amino acids in the sequence,between a moth and a dog there are only 25,and there are 6 differences between a dog and a horse.Therefore,

Which of the following does NOT reflect(s) the likely presence of a gene mutation(s) ?

Which statement is NOT true about the founder effect?

Social research indicates that a person is most likely to marry someone from the same village or city,or a high school or college classmate.Therefore,the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium does not apply well to human populations because

A variety of genotypes and phenotypes in a population is useful because it

The raw material for evolutionary change is

If the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is met,what is the net effect?

According to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium,in a population in which 1% does NOT have freckles (recessive) ,what percentage of the next population is likely to NOT have freckles?

If there is a change in the allele frequency of a gene pool due to chance,primarily in a small population,it is termed

Which of the following is true about genetic drift?

The equation,p² + 2 pq + q² = 1.0,describes