Question 1

Myristic acid, a C₁₄ fatty acid, produces ________ acetyl CoA when completely metabolized.

Accepted Answer

Myristic acid is a 14-carbon saturated fatty acid. In beta-oxidation, each cycle of degradation results in the production of 1 acetyl-CoA, 1 FADH2, and 1 NADH. Myristic acid will undergo 7 cycles of beta-oxidation, resulting in the production of 7 acetyl-CoA molecules. Therefore, the answer is C.

Question 2

In Type II diabetes mellitus,

Accepted Answer

In Type II diabetes mellitus, the body produces insulin, but the cells are resistant to it, meaning the insulin cannot be used effectively.

Question 3

Each acetyl CoA produces ________ ATP in the citric acid cycle.

Accepted Answer

Each acetyl CoA produces 10 ATP in the citric acid cycle: 3 NADH (3 x 2.5 ATP), 1 FADH2 (1 x 1.5 ATP), and 1 GTP (equivalent to 1 ATP).

Question 4

Beta-oxidation takes place in the

Accepted Answer

Beta-oxidation is a process of fatty acid breakdown, which takes place in the mitochondrial matrix.

Question 5

The 2-carbon units obtained by degradation of a fatty acid are further metabolized in

Accepted Answer

The 2-carbon units obtained by degradation of a fatty acid are further metabolized in the citric acid cycle.

Question 6

Myristic acid, a C₁₄ fatty acid, undergoes the β-oxidation cycle ________ times.

Accepted Answer

Myristic acid, a 14-carbon fatty acid, undergoes β-oxidation cycles until it is completely broken down into acetyl-CoA units. Each cycle shortens the fatty acid chain by 2 carbons, so 14 carbons require 6 cycles (14/2 - 1 = 6).

Question 7

During complete oxidation of the fatty acid CH₃(CH₂)₁₈COOH, ________ molecules of acetyl CoA are produced, and the fatty acid goes through the β-oxidation cycle ________ times.

Accepted Answer

The fatty acid CH₃(CH₂)₁₈COOH is a 20-carbon fatty acid. During β-oxidation, each cycle shortens the fatty acid chain by 2 carbons, producing 1 acetyl CoA. Therefore, 9 cycles are needed to completely oxidize the fatty acid, producing 10 acetyl CoA molecules.

Question 8

Malonyl CoA contains a 3-carbon compound used in

Accepted Answer

Malonyl CoA is a key intermediate in the process of fatty acid biosynthesis (lipogenesis). It serves as a precursor for the production of long-chain fatty acids, which are important for energy storage in adipose tissue.

Question 9

In Type I diabetes mellitus,

Accepted Answer

In Type I diabetes mellitus, the pancreas produces insufficient insulin, which leads to high blood sugar levels. Treatment often involves insulin replacement therapy to help regulate blood glucose levels.

Question 10

Fats are higher in caloric value than carbohydrates because

Accepted Answer

1 gram of fat can produce around 9 kilocalories of energy, while 1 gram of glucose can only produce around 4 kilocalories of energy. Therefore, fat is higher in caloric value than carbohydrates. This is due to the fact that fats have a long carbon chain compared to carbohydrates and can go through the process of beta-oxidation, which leads to the production of more ATP than glucose.

Question 11

When excess acetyl CoA accumulates in the liver, a pathway called ________ is initiated.

Accepted Answer

The excess acetyl CoA is used in ketogenesis, which is the process of producing ketone bodies (such as acetone, acetoacetate, and beta-hydroxybutyrate) in the liver. These ketone bodies can then be used by other tissues (such as the brain) as an alternative fuel source when glucose is limited, such as during fasting or a low-carbohydrate diet.

Question 12

What is the total number of ATP molecules produced from the lauric acid (C₁₂H₂₄O₂) found in coconut oil?

Accepted Answer

The complete oxidation of lauric acid (C12H24O2) through beta-oxidation will yield a total of 90 ATP molecules.

Question 13

The energy released by the β oxidation of a cis fatty acid is

Accepted Answer

The β oxidation of a cis fatty acid yields slightly less energy than a trans fatty acid because the cis double bonds require additional enzymatic steps to be converted into a form that can be processed by the β oxidation pathway, which consumes energy.

Question 14

The function of fatty acyl CoA is to

Accepted Answer

Fatty acyl CoA is formed when a fatty acid is activated by a process called esterification with CoA. This activation allows the fatty acid to be metabolized through various pathways such as beta-oxidation or synthesis of complex lipids.

Question 15

Ketosis is a condition that can occur if

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ketosis is a condition that can occur...

Question 16

In the activation of a fatty acid, energy from the hydrolysis of ATP is used to

Accepted Answer

The activation of a fatty acid involves the attachment of a CoA molecule to the carboxyl end of the fatty acid, forming a fatty acyl CoA molecule. This process requires the input of energy in the form of ATP hydrolysis.

Question 17

The complete oxidation of CH₃(CH₂)₈COOH produces ________ molecules of ATP.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The complete oxidation of CH₃(CH₂)₈COOH produces ________...

Question 18

Leptin is

Accepted Answer

Leptin is a hormone that is primarily produced and stored in fat cells. It is involved in regulating appetite and metabolism by signaling to the brain when the body has enough energy stored in fat cells.

Question 19

Fatty acyl CoA cannot cross into the mitochondrial matrix until

Accepted Answer

Fatty acyl CoA cannot cross into the mitochondrial matrix directly because of the impermeable nature of the inner mitochondrial membrane. Instead, it must first bind with a charged carrier molecule called carnitine, forming fatty acyl carnitine which can then traverse the membrane via a specific transporter protein. Once inside the mitochondrial matrix, the fatty acid is transferred back onto CoA and subsequently undergoes β-oxidation.

Question 20

Ketosis can lower the blood pH below 7.4, producing the condition

Accepted Answer

Ketosis can lead to an accumulation of ketone bodies in the blood, which generates excess hydrogen ions, lowering the blood pH and leading to a state of acidosis.

Quiz 24: Metabolic Pathways for Lipids and Amino Acids

Myristic acid, a C₁₄ fatty acid, produces ________ acetyl CoA when completely metabolized.

In Type II diabetes mellitus,

Each acetyl CoA produces ________ ATP in the citric acid cycle.

Beta-oxidation takes place in the

The 2-carbon units obtained by degradation of a fatty acid are further metabolized in

Myristic acid, a C₁₄ fatty acid, undergoes the β-oxidation cycle ________ times.

During complete oxidation of the fatty acid CH₃(CH₂) ₁₈COOH, molecules of acetyl CoA are produced, and the fatty acid goes through the β-oxidation cycle times.

Malonyl CoA contains a 3-carbon compound used in

In Type I diabetes mellitus,

Fats are higher in caloric value than carbohydrates because

When excess acetyl CoA accumulates in the liver, a pathway called ________ is initiated.

What is the total number of ATP molecules produced from the lauric acid (C₁₂H₂₄O₂) found in coconut oil?

The energy released by the β oxidation of a cis fatty acid is

The function of fatty acyl CoA is to

Ketosis is a condition that can occur if

In the activation of a fatty acid, energy from the hydrolysis of ATP is used to

The complete oxidation of CH₃(CH₂) ₈COOH produces ________ molecules of ATP.

Leptin is

Fatty acyl CoA cannot cross into the mitochondrial matrix until

Ketosis can lower the blood pH below 7.4, producing the condition

Quiz 24: Metabolic Pathways for Lipids and Amino Acids

Myristic acid, a C14 fatty acid, produces ________ acetyl CoA when completely metabolized.

In Type II diabetes mellitus,

Each acetyl CoA produces ________ ATP in the citric acid cycle.

Beta-oxidation takes place in the

The 2-carbon units obtained by degradation of a fatty acid are further metabolized in

Myristic acid, a C14 fatty acid, undergoes the β-oxidation cycle ________ times.

During complete oxidation of the fatty acid CH₃(CH2) 18COOH, ________ molecules of acetyl CoA are produced, and the fatty acid goes through the β-oxidation cycle ________ times.

Malonyl CoA contains a 3-carbon compound used in

In Type I diabetes mellitus,

Fats are higher in caloric value than carbohydrates because

When excess acetyl CoA accumulates in the liver, a pathway called ________ is initiated.

What is the total number of ATP molecules produced from the lauric acid (C12H24O2) found in coconut oil?

The energy released by the β oxidation of a cis fatty acid is

The function of fatty acyl CoA is to

Ketosis is a condition that can occur if

In the activation of a fatty acid, energy from the hydrolysis of ATP is used to

The complete oxidation of CH₃(CH2) 8COOH produces ________ molecules of ATP.

Leptin is

Fatty acyl CoA cannot cross into the mitochondrial matrix until

Ketosis can lower the blood pH below 7.4, producing the condition

Myristic acid, a C₁₄ fatty acid, produces ________ acetyl CoA when completely metabolized.

Myristic acid, a C₁₄ fatty acid, undergoes the β-oxidation cycle ________ times.

During complete oxidation of the fatty acid CH₃(CH₂) ₁₈COOH, molecules of acetyl CoA are produced, and the fatty acid goes through the β-oxidation cycle times.

What is the total number of ATP molecules produced from the lauric acid (C₁₂H₂₄O₂) found in coconut oil?

The complete oxidation of CH₃(CH₂) ₈COOH produces ________ molecules of ATP.