Investigations of animal behaviors indicate that

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Investigations of animal behaviors have shown that chimpanzees have a rudimentary sense of number and can add and subtract small quantities. This suggests that animals might have some cognitive abilities that were previously thought to be unique to humans. However, there is no evidence that animal behavior can be explained solely by instinct or operant conditioning, and there are examples of animals, including chimpanzees, communicating with each other using sign language. Additionally, while some early language training procedures with apes were criticized as subjective and poorly designed, more recent research has shown that apes can learn to use symbols to refer to objects.

Investigations of Animal Behaviors Indicate That