Question 1

Comparisons of attitudes and performance in regard to math tests in Asia and the U.S.showed that
A)although the attitudes toward intellectual success were similar among Asian children and American children,their actual performance on tests differed markedly.
B)only 10 percent of the American children had scores as low on computations and word problems as the average Asian child.
C)only 4 percent of the Chinese children and 10 percent of the Japanese children had scores as low as the average American child.
D)although the performance of Asian children and American children is similar,attitudes toward intellectual success differed markedly.

Accepted Answer

The statement "only 4 percent of the Chinese children and 10 percent of the Japanese children had scores as low as the average American child" indicates that the performance of Asian children on math tests was generally higher than that of American children. The statement does not provide information about attitudes toward intellectual success.

Question 2

When Terman compared the 100 most successful men with the 100 least successful men he found that __________ made the difference.
A)intelligence
B)socioeconomic status of parents
C)motivation
D)whether they attended public or private schools

Accepted Answer

Terman's study found that motivation was a key factor distinguishing the most successful men from the least successful, rather than intelligence, socioeconomic status, or type of schooling.

Question 3

The neuroscientist Antonio Damasio found that individuals with damage to the prefrontal cortex often score low on measures of __________ intelligence.
A)contextual
B)componential
C)experiential
D)emotional

Accepted Answer

Antonio Damasio's research found that individuals with prefrontal cortex damage perform poorly on tasks related to emotional intelligence, which includes the ability to perceive, understand, and manage emotions in oneself and others. This suggests that the prefrontal cortex plays a critical role in emotional processing and regulation.

Question 4

Compared to their Asian counterparts,American
A)parents have far higher standards for their children's academic performance.
B)parents have far lower standards for their children's academic performance.
C)children think that you have to work hard to demonstrate mathematical ability.
D)children value education much more.

Accepted Answer

American parents generally have lower academic performance standards for their children compared to Asian parents, who often emphasize high academic achievement and rigorous study habits.

Question 5

Bobbi,a successful stockbroker,says that she is not upset after her relationship ended,but she began abusing alcohol after the relationship ended,and she becomes very impulsive and violent when she is angry.Bobbi would likely score __________ intelligence.
A)low on tests of emotional
B)low on tests of componential
C)high on tests of emotional
D)high on tests of componential

Accepted Answer

Bobbi's behavior indicates low emotional intelligence, as she is unable to effectively regulate her emotions and instead turns to harmful coping mechanisms. It does not necessarily indicate a lack of cognitive ability (componential intelligence).

Question 6

Irene Pepperberg has worked with African gray parrots,including one named Alex.Her research revealed that
A)Alex was capable of addition,subtraction,multiplication,and division problems,showing an innate understanding of numbers.
B)Alex was able to make requests and to answer simple questions about objects.
C)Alex's linguistic abilities were limited to the "parroting" of phrases that he heard Irene speak.
D)Alex showed no evidence of cognitive abilities,because his brain was the size of a walnut.

Accepted Answer

Alex was able to make requests and answer simple questions about objects, demonstrating cognitive abilities beyond simple mimicry.

Question 7

If a child does well in math,American parents are more likely than Asian parents to believe that the child
A)has paid attention in class and studied.
B)should work in a field related to math.
C)should focus more on verbal skills.
D)is innately good at math.

Accepted Answer

According to research, American parents are more likely than Asian parents to believe in the idea of innate ability when it comes to math. They believe that if their child does well in math, it is because they have a natural talent for the subject, rather than attributing it to hard work or studying. Therefore, choice D is the best option.

Question 8

Children in Beijing typically outperform children in Chicago on tests of mathematical ability because:
A)Chinese children have more innate mathematical ability.
B)Chinese children have better schools.
C)Chinese children go to better schools.
D)Chinese children value education more.

Accepted Answer

Cultural emphasis on education and hard work in China often leads to higher academic performance, including in mathematics.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about the influence of nutrition on intelligence is true?
A)Nutrition affects emotional intelligence but not IQ.
B)The IQ gap between severely malnourished children and well-nourished children can be as high as 20 points.
C)Prenatal nutrition for pregnant mothers can affect a child's IQ,but nutrition after birth has little impact on IQ.
D)Malnutrition actually improves IQ scores in many cases.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that severe malnourishment can lead to a significant IQ gap of up to 20 points between well-nourished children and those who are severely malnourished. This highlights the importance of adequate nutrition for cognitive development. The other options are not supported by research.

Question 10

If a researcher's goal is to calculate the ______________ for a specific trait,they are trying to make a statistical estimate of the proportion of the total variance in the trait that is attributable to genetic differences among individuals within a group.
A)bell curve
B)heritability
C)factor analysis
D)g factor

Accepted Answer

The term that best fits the description given in the question is "heritability". Heritability is a statistical estimate that represents the proportion of variability in a trait that is due to genetic differences among individuals within a group. It is often expressed as a number between 0 and 1, where 0 indicates that none of the variability is due to genetic differences and 1 indicates that all of the variability is due to genetic differences. The other choices, such as "bell curve", "factor analysis", and "g factor", do not directly relate to the concept of heritability.

Question 11

Dr.Portet is a researcher who studies cognitive processes in nonhuman animals.Dr.Portet works in the field of
A)cognitive consonance.
B)cognitive dissonance.
C)cognitive ethology.
D)metacognition.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive ethology is the study of animal cognition, particularly how animals process and use information from their environment. Therefore, Dr. Portet's research on cognitive processes in nonhuman animals would fall under this field.

Question 12

Japanese school teachers and students are more likely than their American counterparts to believe that
A)the secret to doing well in mathematics is working hard.
B)mathematical ability is innate and either you have it or you don't.
C)lower standards are acceptable because children need time for exercise and play.
D)small classes and high-technology resources are imperative for a quality education.

Accepted Answer

Japanese culture places a strong emphasis on effort and hard work, leading to the belief that working hard is the key to success in any field, including mathematics. In contrast, American culture often emphasizes natural talent and innate ability, leading to the belief that some people are just naturally good at math while others are not.

Question 13

Investigations of animal behaviors indicate that
A)the actions of animals can be explained by instinct and by principles of operant conditioning alone.
B)chimpanzees have a rudimentary sense of number and appear to have some sort of summing ability.
C)chimpanzees trained to use signs with humans do not use signs to converse with other chimps.
D)when language training procedures became objective,apes could not use symbols to refer to objects.

Accepted Answer

Investigations of animal behaviors have shown that chimpanzees have a rudimentary sense of number and can add and subtract small quantities. This suggests that animals might have some cognitive abilities that were previously thought to be unique to humans. However, there is no evidence that animal behavior can be explained solely by instinct or operant conditioning, and there are examples of animals, including chimpanzees, communicating with each other using sign language. Additionally, while some early language training procedures with apes were criticized as subjective and poorly designed, more recent research has shown that apes can learn to use symbols to refer to objects.

Question 14

When Köhler put chimpanzees in situations in which tempting bananas were just out of reach,he found that
A)almost all of the apes figured out a way to reach the bananas.
B)many of the apes showed humanlike emotions and advanced cognitive abilities.
C)the apes performed impressive gymnastic maneuvers to get the bananas but did not use objects.
D)apes often sat quietly for a while and then seemed to have sudden insight into a solution.

Accepted Answer

Köhler's experiment involved placing bananas just out of reach of the chimpanzees. The apes would often sit for a while and then seem to have a sudden insight into a solution. This suggests that they were using their cognitive abilities to come up with a way to reach the bananas, rather than relying on pure physical ability or instinct. Therefore, the best choice is D, which describes the apes having insight into a solution.

Question 15

Research evidence is accumulating that _______________ have at least some abilities that depend on a theory of mind.
A)dogs
B)chimpanzees
C)leopards
D)horses

Accepted Answer

Chimpanzees have shown evidence of possessing a theory of mind, which is the ability to attribute mental states to oneself and others, and to understand that others have beliefs, desires, and intentions that are different from one's own.

Question 16

Kelly was neglected for the first 3 years of her life.Based on the information in your textbook,which of the following would be most likely to help raise her IQ score?
A)adding very small amounts of lead to her diet
B)exposing her to mental enrichment activities
C)adding vitamin D to her diet
D)there is nothing that can raise her IQ score

Accepted Answer

Exposing Kelly to mental enrichment activities would be the most likely option to help raise her IQ score. Studies have shown that cognitive stimulation and early intervention can improve IQ scores in neglected children. The other options, such as adding lead to her diet, would actually harm her development, while adding vitamin D to her diet may have some benefits but is not specifically linked to raising IQ.

Question 17

In order to explain principles of the differences in intelligence between and within groups,the authors described a hypothetical tomato plant experiment.Based on this experiment it would be accurate to conclude that
A)if differences within groups are at least partly genetic in origin,then differences between groups are also genetic.
B)the heritability of the differences between groups is 100 percent even though the within-group difference is due entirely to the environment.
C)the variation within each group will result from genetic differences,but the between-group difference is explained by the different care received.
D)heritability estimates are valid in regard to group differences but not in regard to the variance found within a group.

Accepted Answer

The tomato plant experiment suggested that variations within each group are genetically mediated, while the differences between groups are due to the different environments each group experienced. This means that the variation within each group is due to genetic differences, as stated in option C. Option A is incorrect because it assumes that between-group differences are entirely genetic based on a partial genetic explanation of within-group differences. Option B is incorrect because it assumes that heritability is always 100% for between-group differences, which is not necessarily the case. Option D is incorrect because heritability estimates are valid for both within-group and between-group differences but the interpretation of what heritability means may be different.

Question 18

A form of intelligence that refers to how effectively people perceive and understand their own feelings and the feelings of others is __________ intelligence.
A)fluid
B)emotional
C)bodily-kinesthetic
D)crystallized

Accepted Answer

Emotional intelligence (EI) is the ability to recognize, understand, and regulate emotions in oneself and others. It involves skills such as empathy, social awareness, and self-awareness, and is distinct from measures of traditional intellectual or cognitive ability.

Question 19

Which toxin,commonly found in paint,soil,and old pipes,can damage the brain and nervous system,even at fairly low levels,producing attention problems,lower IQ scores,and poorer school achievement?
A)lead
B)DDT
C)mercury
D)tetrodotoxin

Accepted Answer

Lead is commonly found in paint, soil, and old pipes, and can damage the brain and nervous system, even at fairly low levels. It can lead to attention problems, lower IQ scores, and poorer school achievement. DDT and tetrodotoxin do not have the same neurological effects, and while mercury can also impact the brain and nervous system, it is not as common in paint and soil. Therefore, the best choice is A) lead.

Question 20

Behavioral-genetic studies have shown that
A)for children and adolescents,heritability estimates average around .75.
B)for adults,heritability estimates average around .45 to .50.
C)as adopted children grow into adulthood,the correlation between their IQ scores and those of their biologically unrelated family members decreases to zero.
D)the scores of fraternal twins reared together are more highly correlated than the scores of identical twins reared apart.

Accepted Answer

As adopted children grow into adulthood, the influence of their biological parents' genes becomes more apparent, and the correlation with their adoptive family's IQ scores decreases, often approaching zero.

Quiz 7: Thinking and Intelligence

Comparisons of attitudes and performance in regard to math tests in Asia and the U.S.showed that

When Terman compared the 100 most successful men with the 100 least successful men he found that __________ made the difference.

The neuroscientist Antonio Damasio found that individuals with damage to the prefrontal cortex often score low on measures of __________ intelligence.

Compared to their Asian counterparts,American

Bobbi,a successful stockbroker,says that she is not upset after her relationship ended,but she began abusing alcohol after the relationship ended,and she becomes very impulsive and violent when she is angry.Bobbi would likely score __________ intelligence.

Irene Pepperberg has worked with African gray parrots,including one named Alex.Her research revealed that

If a child does well in math,American parents are more likely than Asian parents to believe that the child

Children in Beijing typically outperform children in Chicago on tests of mathematical ability because:

Which of the following statements about the influence of nutrition on intelligence is true?

If a researcher's goal is to calculate the ______________ for a specific trait,they are trying to make a statistical estimate of the proportion of the total variance in the trait that is attributable to genetic differences among individuals within a group.

Dr.Portet is a researcher who studies cognitive processes in nonhuman animals.Dr.Portet works in the field of

Japanese school teachers and students are more likely than their American counterparts to believe that

Investigations of animal behaviors indicate that

When Köhler put chimpanzees in situations in which tempting bananas were just out of reach,he found that

Research evidence is accumulating that _______________ have at least some abilities that depend on a theory of mind.

Kelly was neglected for the first 3 years of her life.Based on the information in your textbook,which of the following would be most likely to help raise her IQ score?

In order to explain principles of the differences in intelligence between and within groups,the authors described a hypothetical tomato plant experiment.Based on this experiment it would be accurate to conclude that

A form of intelligence that refers to how effectively people perceive and understand their own feelings and the feelings of others is __________ intelligence.

Which toxin,commonly found in paint,soil,and old pipes,can damage the brain and nervous system,even at fairly low levels,producing attention problems,lower IQ scores,and poorer school achievement?

Behavioral-genetic studies have shown that