Question 1

The optic nerve is formed of

Accepted Answer

The optic nerve is made up of ganglion cell axons that transmit visual information from the retina to the brain. Bipolar cell dendrites are involved in the initial processing of visual information within the retina.

Question 2

Ganglion cells and neurons in the _______________ respond to simple features of the environment such as light and dark.

Accepted Answer

Ganglion cells (which are located in the retina of the eye) and neurons in the thalamus are responsible for processing simple features of the environment, such as light and dark. The amygdala is responsible for processing emotions, the reticular activating system is responsible for arousal and attention, and the medulla is responsible for autonomic functions such as breathing and heart rate.

Question 3

In humans,some cells in the _______________ lobe respond maximally to faces.

Accepted Answer

The right temporal lobe, particularly the fusiform gyrus, is known to be involved in facial recognition and processing.

Question 4

The opponent-process theory of color vision

Accepted Answer

The opponent-process theory focuses on how neurons in the visual system code for color information, specifically how pairs of neurons respond in opposite ways to different colors (e.g. red-green, blue-yellow). It does not solely focus on the responses of cones or rods, or compare processing in different parts of the retina.

Question 5

The trichromatic theory states that

Accepted Answer

The trichromatic theory states that the human visual system has three types of cones, each sensitive to a specific range of wavelengths. This allows us to perceive color by combining the signals from these different types of cones.

Question 6

Rods and cones are found in the

Accepted Answer

Rods and cones are photoreceptor cells that are found in the retina, which is the layer at the back of the eye that receives and processes visual information. The iris is the colored part of the eye that controls the size of the pupil, the optic nerve is the bundle of nerve fibers that carries visual information from the eye to the brain, and the cornea is the clear, outermost layer of the eye that helps to focus incoming light.

Question 7

Sandra stares for about 30 seconds at a green square.After 30 seconds,she looks at a white sheet of paper.What will she "see"?

Accepted Answer

This is an example of an afterimage effect. When you stare at a green square for a prolonged period, the photoreceptors in your eyes become desensitized to green. When you then look at a white surface, which contains all colors, the green receptors are less responsive, and you see the complementary color, which is red.

Question 8

What structure in your eye is most like the film in a camera?

Accepted Answer

The retina is the structure in the eye that is most like the film in a camera, as it is the layer of cells that receives and detects light, similar to how film receives and captures light in a camera. The lens helps to focus the light onto the retina, while the cornea and pupil help to regulate the amount of light entering the eye.

Question 9

Which type of receptor cell is associated with seeing colors?

Accepted Answer

Cones are the receptor cells associated with seeing colors. Rods are associated with detecting light in low light situations and ganglia and bipolar cells are involved in transmitting information from the rods and cones to the optic nerve.

Question 10

Figure-ground is to _______ as dream interpretation is to psychoanalysis.

Accepted Answer

Figure-ground is a key concept in the Gestalt school of psychology, which emphasizes the importance of holistic perception and organization of sensory information. Similarly, dream interpretation is a key technique in the practice of psychoanalysis, which emphasizes the importance of exploring unconscious thoughts and emotions to gain insight into a person's mental and emotional experiences.

Question 11

The eyes convert light energy into neural responses that we experience as sight.The conversion of light energy into sight is done by receptor cells in the

Accepted Answer

The receptor cells responsible for converting light energy into neural responses are located in the retina, which is located at the back of the eye. The iris and pupil are involved in regulating the amount of light that enters the eye, and the blind spot is an area in the retina where there are no receptor cells.

Question 12

Light receptors that see best at night are the

Accepted Answer

Rods are light receptors in the retina that are specialized for low-light conditions and are responsible for night vision. Foveae and cones are specialized for daylight vision and are responsible for color perception and high visual acuity. Shafts are not a recognized term in relation to the eye or vision.

Question 13

Peggy cannot see a very dim star as she is looking straight up at it,but she can see it from the corner of her eye.Peggy's vision is most likely

Accepted Answer

This is a typical pattern shown by peripheral vision. Our foveal vision, which is responsible for sharp and detailed vision, has a higher density of photoreceptor cells, but our peripheral vision is more sensitive to faint light. Therefore, it is possible to see a dim star from the corner of the eye even if it cannot be seen when looking directly at it. Blind spot and color blindness are not relevant to this situation.

Question 14

Hubel and Wiesel identified neurons in the visual cortex that responded to lines at a particular orientation.These cells are referred to as

Accepted Answer

Hubel and Wiesel's neurons are commonly referred to as "feature detectors" because they respond to specific features (in this case, lines at a particular orientation) rather than random visual stimuli.

Question 15

The process by which rods and cones become more sensitive to light in response to lowered levels of illumination is called

Accepted Answer

The process by which rods and cones become more sensitive to light in response to lowered levels of illumination is called dark adaptation. This process allows us to adjust to low light conditions and see more clearly in the dark. Options A, B, and D are not the correct terms for this process. Afterimage resolution refers to the fading of an image after staring at a bright light. Light adaptation is the process by which the eyes adjust to bright light. Afterimage adaptation refers to the process by which the visual system adjusts to the presence of an afterimage.

Question 16

The _______________ belonged to a movement that began in Germany and was influential in the 1920s and 1930s.They were among the first to study how people organize the world visually into meaningful units and patterns.

Accepted Answer

The description matches that of the Gestalt psychologists who originated in Germany and focused on how people perceive and organize visual stimuli. The other choices do not fit this description.

Question 17

Although she is normally not aware of its existence,Ingrid discovers that she has a blind spot in her vision by closing one eye and focusing on a fixed point.What explains why Ingrid has this blind spot in her vision?

Accepted Answer

No photoreceptors are located where the optic nerve leaves the eye, leading to a blind spot in our vision.

Question 18

Rods and cones are connected to

Accepted Answer

Rods and cones are photoreceptor cells in the retina that detect light and send signals to bipolar neurons, which then transmit the signal to ganglion cells, whose axons form the optic nerve that carries visual information to the brain. Therefore, rods and cones are connected to bipolar neurons.

Question 19

The trichromatic theory explains

Accepted Answer

The trichromatic theory, also known as the Young-Helmholtz theory, explains the first level of color processing that occurs in the retina, where there are three types of cones that are sensitive to different wavelengths of light. This theory suggests that all colors can be created by combining the activity of these three types of cones.

Question 20

The most common form of color blindness is

Accepted Answer

Red-green color blindness is the most common form of color blindness, affecting around 8% of males and 0.5% of females of Northern European descent. In this type of color blindness, the ability to distinguish between red and green hues is impaired. Blue-yellow and total color blindness are much rarer, affecting around 1% of the population. Red-blue color blindness is also rare and usually only affects one eye.

Quiz 6: Sensation and Perception