Question 1

Most children develop a stable gender identity at about ______ years of age.

Accepted Answer

According to research, most children develop a stable gender identity at about 5 years of age. This is when they typically understand their own gender and the gender of others around them.

Question 2

__________ may have a difficult time as the teen years approach,but by the end of adolescence many feel better about their appearance and are more popular than __________.

Accepted Answer

Late-maturing girls may have a difficult time as the teen years approach, but by the end of adolescence many feel better about their appearance and are more popular than early-maturing girls.

Question 3

Comparisons of hormone production in boys and girls show that

Accepted Answer

Before puberty, boys and girls have similar levels of hormones. However, from puberty on, there is a significant increase in hormone production in both boys and girls. Boys produce more androgens such as testosterone, while girls produce more estrogens such as estradiol. Therefore, option D, "from puberty on, boys produce more androgens and girls produce more estrogens, is the best choice.

Question 4

Hillary has a history of behavior problems and conflicts with her parents.Now,she is in sixth grade and is the first girl in her class to become sexually mature.Hillary is more likely than later-maturing girls to

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that early-maturing girls are at greater risk for emotional and behavioral problems, as well as school dropout. Additionally, Hillary's history of behavior problems and conflicts with her parents may further increase her risk for these negative outcomes.

Question 5

Dr.Sardonicus states that,as they mature,children develop a mental network of beliefs explaining what it means to be male or female.Dr.Sardonicus is most likely a

Accepted Answer

Dr. Sardonicus is discussing the development of beliefs, which falls under the realm of cognitive psychology.

Question 6

Research on the onset of puberty has revealed that

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that menarche, the onset of menstruation, is influenced by a critical level of body fat. Girls need to have a certain amount of body fat before they can start menstruating. This is why girls who are undernourished or have low body weight tend to experience puberty later. The average age of menarche varies by race and ethnicity, but in the United States, it typically occurs between the ages of 12 and 13. The age of puberty onset is also affected by environmental factors, such as exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals.

Question 7

As the mother of a late-maturing boy,Betty should be most concerned that,compared to early-maturing boys,her son will

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that late-maturing boys may have less success in sports because they are physically smaller and less mature compared to their early-maturing peers, who often have an advantage in athletics. The other options are not supported by research on the effects of timing of puberty.

Question 8

According to a 2008 government sponsored review,the most frequent danger that teenagers face on the Internet is

Accepted Answer

The 2008 government-sponsored review found that the most frequent danger teenagers face on the Internet is bullying. This includes cyberbullying, which has become a significant issue with the rise of social media and online platforms where teenagers interact.

Question 9

A mental network of knowledge,beliefs,metaphors,and expectations about what it means to be male or female is called

Accepted Answer

A gender schema is a mental network of knowledge, beliefs, metaphors, and expectations about what it means to be male or female. It is a cognitive framework that guides the way individuals process and organize information about gender, including gender roles, behaviors, and traits. Gender identity refers to a person's subjective sense of being male, female, or somewhere in between. Gender typing refers to the process by which individuals acquire gender roles and gender-related behaviors. Gender, on the other hand, refers to the biological and physiological differences between males and females.

Question 10

Puberty is defined as the age at which a person

Accepted Answer

Puberty is defined as the age at which a person becomes capable of sexual reproduction. It marks the beginning of adolescence and is characterized by the development of secondary sexual characteristics, such as the growth of pubic hair, breast development in females, and deepening of the voice in males.

Question 11

As children approach their teen years,contact with _______ becomes more important in their development.

Accepted Answer

As children approach their teen years, their social world expands beyond just their family and into their peer group. Peers become a significant influence on their development, as they seek acceptance and belonging among their peers.

Question 12

Children's gender schemas are most rigid during the ages

Accepted Answer

According to research, children's gender schemas are most rigid during the ages of 5-7. This is when children tend to adhere most strictly to traditional gender roles and stereotypes, before becoming more flexible in their beliefs and attitudes towards gender as they grow older.

Question 13

Behavioral and social-cognitive learning theorists generally believe that gender socialization begins

Accepted Answer

Behavioral and social-cognitive learning theorists generally believe that gender socialization begins at the moment of a child's birth, when adults begin to treat the child differently based on their perceived gender. This includes differences in clothing, toys, and behaviors that are considered appropriate for boys versus girls.

Question 14

Amir matured earlier than the other boys in his class.Which of the following is more likely for Amir than his male classmates?

Accepted Answer

Amir, having matured earlier, is likely to have a physical advantage over his peers, which can contribute to excelling in sports.

Question 15

Stanley has just entered puberty.This means that he is

Accepted Answer

Puberty is the stage of development during which sexual maturation occurs. This includes the development of primary and secondary sexual characteristics, as well as the ability to reproduce. Therefore, option D is the best choice. While the other options may occur around the same time as puberty, they are not necessarily defining characteristics of puberty itself.

Question 16

An example of a learning influence on gender development would be

Accepted Answer

Parents dressing their children in gender-specific clothing is a learning influence because it involves social and cultural practices that teach children about gender roles and expectations.

Question 17

The discrepancy between how good you actually are academically and how good you think you are is called

Accepted Answer

Unreasonable self-enhancement refers to the tendency to overestimate one's abilities, while avoiding self-enhancement refers to the tendency to underestimate one's abilities. If someone is underestimating their academic abilities, they may have avoidant self-enhancement. However, the question specifically asks about the discrepancy between one's actual abilities and perceived abilities, which suggests that the individual is likely overestimating their abilities, making unreasonable self-enhancement the correct answer.

Question 18

Philip is technically considered an adolescent.Therefore,he must be between

Accepted Answer

The answer of Philip is technically considered an adolescent.Therefore,he must...

Question 19

Gwen and her brother Henry produce roughly the same levels of male hormones and female hormones.Given this information,it is likely that

Accepted Answer

Before puberty, both males and females produce roughly similar levels of male and female hormones. The significant changes in hormone levels typically occur during puberty, leading to the development of secondary sexual characteristics. Since Gwen and Henry have similar hormone levels, it's likely they have not yet reached puberty.

Question 20

An adolescent has just experienced menarche.This means that

Accepted Answer

Menarche is the onset of menstruation, which occurs in adolescent females. It does not involve the development of chest or facial hair, breast development or pubic hair growth, nor is it related to the maturation and production of sperm in males, so options B, C, and D are incorrect.

Quiz 3: Development Over the Life Span