Question 1

Results of Stanley Milgram's study on obedience showed that

Accepted Answer

Milgram's study showed that about two-thirds of the subjects, regardless of age, gender, or occupation, obeyed the experimenter to the fullest extent by administering shocks up to the maximum voltage. The study revealed the power of authority and the extent to which people will conform to perceived social norms. The other answer choices are incorrect as they misrepresent the actual results of the study.

Question 2

Your textbook describes 25 men who served as Greek military police.At first the men were only ordered to stand guard outside while people were being tortured.Over time,they were ordered to play a larger and larger role,until they found it fairly easy to torture another human being.What concept does their story demonstrate?

Accepted Answer

The story demonstrates the concept of entrapment, where individuals gradually increase their involvement in actions they might initially find objectionable, leading to a greater commitment to those actions over time.

Question 3

Which of the following actions by the "learner" reduced the likelihood of being shocked by the "teacher" in Milgram's obedience study?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following actions by the...

Question 4

Milgram concluded that obedience in his study was a function of

Accepted Answer

Milgram concluded that obedience in his study was a function of the situation of the experiment. In other words, the context and social environment of the experiment played a key role in influencing the behavior of the participants. Factors such as the authority of the experimenter, the presence of other participants, and the perceived legitimacy of the experiment all contributed to the high rates of obedience that were observed in the study. The personality and beliefs of the participants were also important factors, but Milgram argued that they were secondary to the situational variables in shaping obedience.

Question 5

When Milgram and his team set up several variations of his original study,they found that people were more likely to disobey when

Accepted Answer

In the variation where two experimenters had conflicting demands about the continuation of the experiment, participants were more likely to disobey because they were unsure of which authority figure to follow. The presence of conflicting demands creates ambiguity and reduces the legitimacy of the authority figure's demands, leading to increased disobedience.

Question 6

What does the Stanford prison study tell us about the relationship between social roles and behavior?

Accepted Answer

The Stanford prison study demonstrated that when people are placed in social roles with a lot of power, their behavior often changes to fit their new role. In this study, ordinary college students were randomly assigned to be either guards or prisoners in a simulated prison environment. The guards quickly adopted authoritarian attitudes and began to behave in abusive ways towards the prisoners, even though they had no prior history of aggression. This suggests that social roles can have a significant impact on behavior, even for individuals who do not naturally have aggressive or authoritarian tendencies.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of entrapment as it relates to obedience?

Accepted Answer

Entrapment as it relates to obedience is a situation where someone is gradually led into breaking a rule or performing an action that they may not have done otherwise. In this scenario, the friend initially asks for a small favor (bringing empty boxes) but then gradually adds on more and more tasks until the person is doing something they didn't intend to do (packing the entire kitchen).

Question 8

Replications of Milgram's study of obedience showed

Accepted Answer

Replications of Milgram's obedience experiments in various countries, including Spain and the Netherlands, consistently found high levels of obedience, with more than 90% of participants willing to administer what they believed were dangerous shocks to the "learner" when instructed by an authority figure. This underscores the powerful influence of authority on obedience across different cultures.

Question 9

C.P.Snow said that "more hideous crimes have been committed in the name of _______________ than in the name of rebellion."

Accepted Answer

The answer of C.P.Snow said that "more hideous crimes have...

Question 10

Milgram's study on obedience has been criticized on the basis of

Accepted Answer

Milgram's study has been criticized for its ethics, as participants were subjected to emotional stress and potentially harmful psychological effects. The study involved deception and participants were not fully informed of the true nature of the study or the potential consequences of their actions. This raises ethical concerns about the use of human participants in research studies.

Question 11

In Milgram's obedience study,many participants who administered the highest shock adopted the attitude "It's his problem,I'm just following orders." This is an example of

Accepted Answer

This attitude of handing over responsibility to authority is known as the agentic state, in which individuals perceive themselves as agents acting under the authority of someone else and relieve themselves of personal responsibility for their actions. This was seen in Milgram's study as participants who administered the highest shock levels believed that the responsibility for the consequences of their actions lay with the authority figure conducting the experiment, and not with themselves.

Question 12

_______________ is defined as a gradual process in which individuals escalate their commitment to a course of action to justify their investment of time,money,or effort.

Accepted Answer

Entrapment is the process in which individuals increase their commitment to a course of action in order to justify their previous investment of time, money, or effort, even if the course of action is not successful. This can lead to individuals getting trapped in a situation where they continue to invest in something that is not working because they feel they have already invested too much to quit.

Question 13

William is a police officer who is instructed by a superior officer to beat a subject in order to obtain a confession.According to research done on obedience,William is more likely to disobey this order if

Accepted Answer

According to research on obedience, individuals are more likely to disobey immoral or unethical orders when they see others refusing to comply. Thus, if William witnesses another police officer refusing to continue beating the suspect, he may feel empowered to also refuse the order. None of the other options are likely to increase William's disobedience to the order. In fact, the presence of the superior officer or agreement from another senior officer may increase William's obedience to the order, and the suspect asking him to stop may not be enough to overcome his obedience to authority.

Question 14

Several of Jason's friends deal drugs,but Jason has never wanted to get involved.One day,he agrees to hide some drug money in his apartment for one of his friends.Sometime later he agrees to hide actual drugs.Next Jason agrees to stand watch while one of his friends makes a deal.Finally,Jason agrees when one of his friends asks him to actually sell drugs.Jason's story is an example of

Accepted Answer

The answer of Several of Jason's friends deal drugs,but Jason...

Question 15

An authority figure is most likely to use entrapment in order to

Accepted Answer

Entrapment occurs when an authority figure induces an individual to commit a crime or act that they would not have done otherwise. The purpose of entrapment is usually to catch criminals or prevent illegal activity, but in the case of an authority figure using entrapment, the goal might be to make the individual violate their principles in order to gain leverage or control over them.

Question 16

In the Stanford prison study,male college students agreed to participate in a two-week experiment to discover what would happen when they took on the roles of prisoners and guards.The researchers found that

Accepted Answer

The researchers found that within a short time, the prisoners became distressed and panicky, developing emotional symptoms and physical ailments. This was due to the harsh treatment and abuse they received from the guards. The study demonstrated the powerful influence of situational factors such as the role individuals are assigned to, on their behavior and attitudes.

Question 17

Which of the following is true about obedience?

Accepted Answer

Obedience can be necessary for maintaining social order and safety. It is not inherently bad, but rather depends on the context and circumstances.

Question 18

Critics of the Stanford prison study argue that

Accepted Answer

Critics argue that briefing the guards at the beginning of the study influenced their behavior and that the study merely showed how willingly people obey orders. This suggests that the study may not have demonstrated what it set out to investigate, and therefore its findings may be questionable.

Question 19

The Stanford prison study demonstrates how a person's _______________ affects behavior.

Accepted Answer

The Stanford prison study was a famous experiment where participants were assigned roles of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison environment. The study demonstrated how a person's role can affect their behavior, as the guards began to exhibit abusive and authoritarian behavior towards the prisoners despite the lack of any prior negative attitudes or beliefs towards them.

Question 20

The theory that addresses the question of how people make judgments about the causes of behavior is __________ theory.

Accepted Answer

Attribution theory addresses how people make judgments about the causes of behavior. Exchange theory is focused on the cost and benefits of social interactions, social learning theory is focused on how people learn by observing others, and social influence theory is focused on how individuals are influenced by others in their social group. None of these theories directly address the question of how people make judgments about the causes of behavior.

Quiz 10: Behavior in Social and Cultural Context