Question 1

"Frame switching" refers to the tendency of people to

Accepted Answer

"Frame switching" refers to the phenomenon where individuals change their behavior and attitudes based on the context and social norms in that situation. Collectivist cultures emphasize the importance of group harmony and cooperation, while individualistic cultures prioritize personal autonomy and achievement. Therefore, individuals from collectivist cultures may switch to an individualistic frame in situations where personal success is valued, and vice versa. This makes option C the most appropriate choice. Options A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not relate to the concept of frame switching.

Question 2

Which of the following does NOT belong in the dramatic-emotional cluster of personality disorders?

Accepted Answer

The paranoid personality disorder belongs in the odd-eccentric cluster of personality disorders, not the dramatic-emotional cluster. Borderline, antisocial, and histrionic are all part of the dramatic-emotional cluster.

Question 3

Which of the following is true about the link between delinquency and the trait of impulsivity in 13-year-old boys?

Accepted Answer

The passage states that boys who ranked high in impulsivity were more likely to engage in delinquent behaviours if they also lived in low socio-economic neighbourhoods. Option A is incorrect as it does not take into account the role of impulsivity. Option B is incorrect as it suggests that socio-economic status does not play a role in delinquent behaviours, which is not stated in the passage. Option D is incorrect as the passage clearly indicates a link between impulsivity and delinquent behaviours.

Question 4

What type of personality disorder is characterized by an excessive need to be noticed and be the centre of attention?

Accepted Answer

The exaggerated need for attention and seeking to be the center of attention are traits of histrionic personality disorder.

Question 5

What is a personality disorder?

Accepted Answer

A personality disorder is an inflexible and persistent pattern of inner experience and outward behavior that deviates from cultural norms and causes distress and impairment in functioning. These patterns are deeply ingrained and generally begin in adolescence or early adulthood. The maladaptive responses of option A are often seen in individuals with personality disorders, but do not provide a complete definition. Option C describes dissociative amnesia, and option D describes dissociative identity disorder, neither of which are included in the umbrella term "personality disorder."

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a personality disorder defined by the American Psychiatric Association?

Accepted Answer

Aggressive is not a personality disorder recognized by the American Psychiatric Association. The other three options (antisocial, borderline, and narcissistic) are all personality disorders included in the DSM-5, the diagnostic manual published by the American Psychiatric Association.

Question 7

If someone had a personality disorder,when do you think it would become apparent?

Accepted Answer

Most personality disorders have their onset in adolescence or early adulthood. Prior to this, children are still developing their sense of self and their personalities are not fully formed, so it is unlikely that a personality disorder would be apparent in early childhood or at birth. While becoming a parent may exacerbate symptoms for some people with personality disorders, it is not typically the point when the disorder becomes apparent.

Question 8

One's cultural values can certainly affect one's personality.For instance,collectivist cultures value ___ and tend to score higher on ___.

Accepted Answer

Collectivist cultures value group harmony and tend to prioritize the needs of the group over the needs of the individual. This emphasis on cooperation and social harmony is likely to result in higher scores on agreeableness, which is a personality trait characterized by a tendency to be cooperative, empathetic, and compassionate toward others. Therefore, choice (A) is the best answer. None of the other choices accurately reflects the cultural values associated with collectivism or the personality traits that tend to be associated with those values.

Question 9

Which of the following is a likely reason why impulsive adolescents are more likely to engage in delinquent behaviour if they live in low versus high socio-economic neighbourhoods,according to researchers?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a likely...

Question 10

Which characteristic(s)is/are related to antisocial personality disorder?

Accepted Answer

Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by a disregard for the rights of others, a lack of empathy, and a pattern of impulsive and irresponsible behavior that often leads to legal or social problems. Egocentrism, recklessness, and impulsivity are all common traits associated with this disorder. Therefore, the correct answer is D, all of the above.

Question 11

Laura is from a wealthy neighbourhood,and Lila is from a very impoverished neighbourhood.Both girls scored high on the trait of impulsivity.Based on this information,what do you predict about their tendency toward delinquent behaviours?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that living in an impoverished neighbourhood increases the likelihood of engaging in delinquent behaviours. Additionally, impulsivity has also been linked to delinquent behaviours. Therefore, the combination of living in an impoverished neighbourhood and being high in impulsivity increases the likelihood that Lila will engage in delinquent behaviours compared to Laura.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT one of the classes of personality disorders?

Accepted Answer

The three clusters of personality disorders as classified by the DSM-5 are: A) dramatic-emotional cluster, B) odd-eccentric cluster, and D) anxiety-fear cluster. There is no "unstable-erratic cluster" classification.

Question 13

Which of the following is FALSE about personality disorders?

Accepted Answer

Personality disorders typically become evident in adolescence or early adulthood, not childhood.

Question 14

Personality disorder is defined as being

Accepted Answer

Personality disorder is characterized by an inflexible pattern of inner experience and outward behavior that causes distress or difficulty with daily functioning. This definition encompasses various types of personality disorders, including borderline, narcissistic, and avoidant personality disorder.

Answer: D
 This definition describes borderline personality disorder, which is characterized by severe instability in emotions and self-concept and high levels of volatility. This can lead to impulsive and self-destructive behavior, as well as difficulties in relationships with others. However, it does not include all types of personality disorders.

Question 15

Ying Hui moved to Canada from China when she was five years old.Which of the following best describes changes to Ying Hui's personality by the time she is in university?

Accepted Answer

Numerous studies have shown that cultural experiences can shape personality development. As Ying Hui grew up in Canada, she would likely adopt more characteristics of Canadian culture, including personality traits commonly exhibited by her Canadian peers. However, it is important to note that personality is a complex and multifaceted construct, and individual differences within cultural groups are also significant. Therefore, we cannot make definitive predictions about Ying Hui's personality without more information.

Question 16

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder belongs to the ___ cluster.

Accepted Answer

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder belongs to the anxiety-fear cluster, along with other disorders such as generalized anxiety disorder and social anxiety disorder. This cluster is characterized by feelings of anxiousness or fearfulness.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT one of the four core features that all personality disorders share?

Accepted Answer

The four core features that all personality disorders share are distorted and rigid thinking patterns, significant interpersonal problems, impulse control problems, and onset in adolescence or early adulthood. Therefore, option A, which states that personality disorders develop before adolescence, is not one of the core features.

Question 18

Cheng came to Canada with his family when he was two years old.When he is with his family or Chinese friends,he speaks Mandarin Chinese.When he and his Chinese friends are with his Canadian friends,however,they speak only English.This would be an example of ___.

Accepted Answer

This scenario describes frame switching, which is the ability to switch between different cultural frames or languages depending on the context or audience. Cheng is able to fluently communicate in both Mandarin Chinese and English and adapts his language use based on the social situation.

Question 19

Dr.LaBelle is discussing cultural differences in personality with his graduate class.He offers a 2% bonus mark for the first student to correctly identify these differences.Which student below will get the bonus marks?

Accepted Answer

Isidora correctly identifies that people from individualistic cultures tend to score higher on extroversion and people from collectivist cultures tend to score higher on agreeableness. This is a well-supported finding in the research on cultural differences in personality. The other options do not correctly identify these differences.

Question 20

Chase has had nine jobs in four years.A couple of months after he begins each new job,he begins to suspect that his boss is stealing his ideas.He has also accused his coworkers of talking about him behind his back,going through his desk,and spying on him.Although his coworkers have tried to include him in social plans,he always says he is too busy.Which of the following personality disorders best fits Chase's behaviour?

Accepted Answer

Chase's suspiciousness, accusations of others, and reluctance to socialize with coworkers suggest paranoid personality disorder. The other listed disorders are less fitting for this presentation.

Quiz 12: Personality