Question 1

The blood vessel branching from the heart that carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs is called the

Accepted Answer

The pulmonary artery is the blood vessel branching from the heart that carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs. The vena cava carries deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart, while the carotid artery supplies blood to the brain and the renal artery supplies blood to the kidneys.

Question 2

The blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood to the heart is called the

Accepted Answer

The superior and inferior venae cavae deliver venous blood to the right atrium.

Question 3

A patient with chronic kidney disease has hypertension.What BP reading should this patient have to be within a healthy range?

Accepted Answer

Patients with chronic kidney disease and hypertension should aim for a BP reading below 130/80 mm Hg to maintain kidney function and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. The other options are either too low or too high for this population.

Question 4

The ______________ is the saclike membrane surrounding the heart.

Accepted Answer

The pericardium is a sac-like membrane that surrounds and encloses the heart, protecting it and keeping it in place. The endocardium is the innermost layer of the heart's wall, the bundle of His is a part of the heart's electrical conduction system, and the sinoatrial node is the heart's natural pacemaker.

Question 5

The signal from the AV node is picked up by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The bundle of His sends the electrical charge through the ventricles.

Question 6

What is the principal sign of coronary artery disease?

Accepted Answer

The principal sign of coronary artery disease is the reduction of blood supply to the myocardium due to blockages or narrowing of the coronary arteries. Damaged heart valves, inflammation of the blood vessels, and irregular heartbeat can also be associated with heart disease, but they are not the principal sign of coronary artery disease.

Question 7

In the conduction system of the heart,which of the following is responsible for collecting the electrical energy that stimulated the atria to contract?

Accepted Answer

The atrioventricular node is responsible for collecting the electrical energy that stimulated the atria to contract and passing it onto the ventricles for contraction. The Purkinje fibers and the Bundle of His are responsible for transmitting the electrical signals through the ventricles, and the Sinoatrial node is responsible for initiating the electrical impulses that start the cardiac cycle.

Question 8

Sensitive tissue in the right atrium wall that initiates the heartbeat is known as the

Accepted Answer

The sinoatrial (SA) node, located in the wall of the right atrium, is a specialized mass of tissue that acts as the natural pacemaker of the heart, initiating the heartbeat. The tricuspid valve is located between the right atrium and ventricle, while the atrioventricular node and bundle of His are involved in transmitting electrical impulses through the heart but are not responsible for initiating the heartbeat.

Question 9

Patients diagnosed with stage 1 hypertension are first prescribed a(n)

Accepted Answer

Diuretics are typically the first-line therapy for patients with stage 1 hypertension, as they help to reduce fluid volume and blood pressure. ACE inhibitors and beta blockers may also be used, depending on the patient's individual health status and risk factors. Low-dose aspirin is not typically prescribed as a first-line therapy for hypertension, but may be given to patients who are at high risk for cardiovascular events.

Question 10

Blood vessels branching from the aorta to carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle are called

Accepted Answer

The coronary arteries are the blood vessels that branch off from the aorta and bring oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The vena cavae are the veins that bring deoxygenated blood back to the heart, the carotid arteries bring oxygen-rich blood to the brain, and the renal arteries bring oxygenated blood to the kidneys.

Question 11

A bruit noted during auscultation in the area of a blood vessel often is a sign of

Accepted Answer

A bruit noted during auscultation in the area of a blood vessel is often a sign of an aneurysm. A bruit is a sound caused by turbulent flow of blood, and aneurysms can cause turbulent flow due to their abnormal dilation of the vessel walls. Emboli and thrombi typically do not produce audible bruits, and while phlebitis may involve inflammation of a blood vessel, it is not typically associated with the turbulent flow that produces a bruit.

Question 12

Which drug is used to treat congestive heart failure?

Accepted Answer

Digoxin (Lanoxin) is a drug commonly used to treat congestive heart failure because it improves the strength and efficiency of the heart's contractions, leading to improved circulation and a reduction in symptoms such as shortness of breath and fatigue. The other drugs listed are not used to treat congestive heart failure.

Question 13

What is another name for a heart attack?

Accepted Answer

MI stands for myocardial infarction, which is the medical term for a heart attack. CVA (choice A) stands for cerebrovascular accident, commonly known as a stroke. MS (choice C) stands for multiple sclerosis, a neurological disorder. CHF (choice D) stands for congestive heart failure, which is a chronic condition characterized by the heart's inability to pump blood efficiently.

Question 14

Thrombi form in the coronary arteries because of

Accepted Answer

Thrombi commonly form in the coronary arteries due to inflammation caused by an atherosclerotic plaque. As plaque builds up, it can rupture or break apart, exposing the underlying tissue and triggering a blood clot to form. This can block blood flow to the heart, leading to a heart attack.

Question 15

The _________ are the blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the heart.

Accepted Answer

The pulmonary veins are the blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the heart.

Question 16

An example of a calcium channel blocker is

Accepted Answer

Cardizem is a calcium channel blocker that helps to lower blood pressure by preventing calcium from entering the cells of the heart and blood vessels. Cozaar (A) and Lotensin (B) are not calcium channel blockers, but rather belong to a class of drugs called angiotensin receptor blockers and ACE inhibitors, respectively. Tenormin (D) is a beta blocker.

Question 17

Women have different symptoms of heart disease because

Accepted Answer

Women tend to develop an evenly spread layer of plaque (B) and atheroma builds up in smaller vessels (D), leading to different symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, and discomfort in the neck, jaw, or back. This can lead to a delay in diagnosis and treatment as women may not initially recognize these symptoms as being related to heart disease.

Question 18

Which heart chamber receives oxygenated blood from the lungs?

Accepted Answer

The left atrium is the heart chamber that receives oxygenated blood from the lungs.

Question 19

Which of the following is an anticoagulant?

Accepted Answer

Warfarin (Coumadin) is an anticoagulant medication that is commonly used to prevent blood clots from forming. The other options listed are not anticoagulants - Digoxin (Lanoxin) is a medication for heart failure, Fluoxetine (Prozac) is an antidepressant, Gemfibrozil (Lopid) is a medication for high cholesterol, and Triazolam (Halcion) is a medication for insomnia.

Question 20

The part of the conduction system of the heart that wraps around the outer walls of the ventricles is/are the

Accepted Answer

The part of the conduction system of the heart that wraps around the outer walls of the ventricles is the Purkinje fibers. The bundle branches and bundle of His are located in the interventricular septum, while the aorta is a major blood vessel that leaves the heart.

Quiz 23: Assisting in Cardiology