In a one-way ANOVA, if the null hypothesis is rejected, it may still be possible that two or more of the population means are equal.

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This is because rejecting the null hypothesis only means that there is enough evidence to suggest that at least one of the group means is statistically significantly different from the others, but it does not necessarily mean that all of the means are different from each other. Further analysis, such as post-hoc tests or confidence intervals, may be needed to determine which means are significantly different from each other.

In a One-Way ANOVA, If the Null Hypothesis Is Rejected