Question 1

An unexpected problem that can lead to disaster if not resolved quickly and appropriately is known as ___.

Accepted Answer

An unexpected problem that can lead to disaster if not resolved quickly and appropriately is known as a crisis. A crisis can arise due to various factors such as natural disasters, employee misconduct, financial irregularities, etc. It requires immediate attention and action to minimize the damage caused.

Question 2

Which of the following is not an appropriate rule or guideline for crisis management?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is not an...

Question 3

___ are ones that are familiar, straightforward, and clear with respect to the information needs.

Accepted Answer

Structured problems are well-defined and routine. The information required to solve these problems is easily available and decision-making procedures can be formalized.

Question 4

___ refers to the preparation of managers and others to deal with unexpected high-impact events that threaten an organization's well-being.

Accepted Answer

The description best suits for the term "Crisis Management". Crisis management involves identifying potential crises, preparing a strategy to deal with them, and putting the plan into action when a crisis occurs. It includes a range of activities such as risk assessment, communication planning, resource identification, and emergency response training.

Question 5

A(n) ___ environment offers complete information on possible action alternatives and their consequences.

Accepted Answer

A certain environment offers complete information on possible action alternatives and their consequences, meaning that there is no ambiguity or uncertainty about the outcomes of different choices.

Question 6

A(n) ___ is made when a new and unfamiliar problem arises and a novel solution is crafted to meet the demands of the unique situation at hand.

Accepted Answer

A nonprogrammed decision is made when a new and unfamiliar problem arises and a novel solution is crafted to meet the demands of the unique situation at hand. This type of decision requires significant judgment, analysis, and creativity because there is no predetermined course of action. In contrast, a programmed decision involves following established rules or procedures to address routine, repetitive, or well-defined problems. Structured decisions are those that involve a low level of uncertainty and can be easily addressed using established guidelines or rules, while unstructured decisions are those that involve high levels of uncertainty, incomplete information, and no clear or well-defined solutions. The term "difficult decision" is too broad and does not specifically relate to the type of decision-making process described in this question.

Question 7

Terrorism in the post-9/11 world, ethical scandals, outbreaks of workplace violence, information technology failures, and man-made environmental disasters are all examples of ___ problems that managers sometimes face.

Accepted Answer

These examples are all sudden and unexpected events that can create chaos and require immediate attention from managers. They are beyond the scope of routine or expected problems and require a specific crisis management approach. Creative and programmed problems are not relevant in this context.

Question 8

A ___ decision occurs when an unexpected problem arises that can lead to disaster if not resolved quickly and appropriately.

Accepted Answer

The description matches a crisis decision, which is defined as a sudden and unexpected problem that can potentially lead to disaster if not resolved quickly and appropriately. Nonprogrammed decisions are also applicable to unexpected problems, but they do not necessarily require immediate resolution as crisis situations do. Strategic decisions involve long-term planning, and programmed decisions are routine and repetitive. Standard decisions are not a formal type of decision-making.

Question 9

___ are full of ambiguities and information deficiencies, and require ___ that craft novel solutions to meet the demands of a unique situation

Accepted Answer

Unstructured problems are characterized by ambiguities and lack of information, necessitating nonprogrammed decisions that involve creating unique solutions tailored to the specific situation.

Question 10

A ___ decision applies a solution from past experience to a routine problem.

Accepted Answer

Programmed decisions are repetitive and routine in nature, and apply a solution from past experience to a known problem. This option best describes the scenario given in the question.

Question 11

Chikashi, a manager at a hotel, decided to launch a new type of cuisine in his restaurant because the restaurant was incurring losses due to negative feedback on its existing cuisine. He had to make a decision immediately to improve the situation and was aware of the possible consequences of his actions. Chikashi had to make the decision in a(n) ___ environment.

Accepted Answer

Chikashi had to make a decision with possible negative consequences, indicating the presence of risk. The fact that he was aware of the possible consequences also points towards a decision in a risk environment. It is not a certain environment as there were no guarantees of success and he had to make a decision to improve the situation. It is not a secure environment as the restaurant was incurring losses. It is also not an anticipated environment as there was no prior preparation or expectation of the situation.

Question 12

Sumaira has been asked to prepare a report on the best advertising campaign for the new product her company is launching in a new market. The type of problem being faced by Sumaira in the above situation is a(n) ___ problem.

Accepted Answer

The problem of selecting the best advertising campaign for a new product in a new market is an unstructured problem as there is no clear-cut formula or set of rules to follow that guarantees a solution to the problem. The problem requires a creative and innovative approach, which makes it unstructured.

Question 13

A(n) ___ environment lacks complete information but offers "probabilities" of the likely outcomes for possible action alternatives.

Accepted Answer

A risk environment is one where there is some level of uncertainty, but probabilities can be assigned to potential outcomes based on available information. This allows decision-makers to weigh the potential costs and benefits of various options and make informed choices. An uncertain environment is one where there is no clear information or probabilities, making it difficult to make rational decisions. A secure environment implies a lack of risk or threat, while a certain environment implies that outcomes are already known with complete certainty. A definite environment does not exist in decision-making contexts.

Question 14

Melissa, a manager in the customer service division of a company, usually makes decisions to resolve customer complaints based on her previous experiences and the standard procedures set by the company. The type of decision being made by Melissa is known as a ___ decision.

Accepted Answer

Programmed decisions are those that are made in response to recurring situations that have standard procedures established for resolving them. In this case, Melissa is making decisions based on standard procedures set by the company for addressing customer complaints.

Question 15

A decision that applies a specific solution crafted for a unique problem is referred to as a ___ decision.

Accepted Answer

A nonprogrammed decision applies a specific solution crafted for a unique problem, whereas a programmed decision follows a set of predetermined operating procedures. Repetitive decisions involve solving the same problem over and over again, while satisficing decisions refer to choosing the first satisfactory option instead of the optimal one. Standard decisions involve following established protocols or norms.

Question 16

___ use solutions already available from past experience to solve ___.

Accepted Answer

Programmed decisions are those that are repetitive and routine, and for which a specific decision-making process has already been established. Structured problems are those that are straightforward and for which a clear method of solution exists. Therefore, the best choice is A, as the use of solutions already available from past experience is most appropriate for programmed decisions that involve structured problems.

Question 17

A(n) ___ environment lacks so much information that it is difficult to assign probabilities to the likely outcomes of alternatives.

Accepted Answer

The term "uncertain" refers to an environment where there is a lack of information, making it difficult to assign probabilities to potential outcomes.

Question 18

Julio is devising a marketing plan for introducing his company's products into a new market. Julio comes up with customized marketing strategies that cater to the unique needs of the new market. All his decisions involve risk and uncertainty as he is unaware of the conditions in the new market. The type of decision being made by Julio in the above situation is called a ___ decision.

Accepted Answer

Nonprogrammed decision-making involves unique, non-routine, and important decisions that require creative solutions to specific problems. Julio's decision involves risk and uncertainty, which indicates that he is faced with a nonprogrammed decision as he has to devise customized marketing strategies catered to the unique needs of the new market.

Question 19

To assist in their promotions and appraisals, Ho Sook analyzed and graded the performance of her team members in the previous year. She is sure of her decisions and its possible outcomes as she had all the factual information. This type of environment that is ideal for decision making is known as a(n) ___.

Accepted Answer

The description of the scenario suggests that Ho Sook had all the factual information needed to analyze and grade the performance of her team members. This type of environment is known as a certain environment, where there is a high degree of clarity about the situation and a low degree of ambiguity or uncertainty.

Question 20

Anne manages a cupcake shop and has noticed that the cupcakes are disappearing at a faster rate than the sales reflect. She has also noticed that her newest employee, Valerie, has been disappearing for long breaks. Using her ___ thinking, Anne follows Valerie to the parking lot, where she sees her take out three cupcakes from a paper bag and eat them on the spot.

Accepted Answer

Anne's observation and follow-through of her hunch about Valerie's behavior suggest the use of intuitive thinking. She did not rely solely on logical or rational analysis, but rather a gut feeling or instinct.

Quiz 7: Information and Decision Making

An unexpected problem that can lead to disaster if not resolved quickly and appropriately is known as ___.

Which of the following is not an appropriate rule or guideline for crisis management?