Question 1

In a meta-analysis, Rosen (2000) found that the transtheoretical model was most effective for explaining health behaviors related to​

Accepted Answer

The transtheoretical model, developed by Prochaska and DiClemente, is particularly effective in explaining and predicting changes in health behaviors, especially in the context of smoking cessation. This model outlines stages of change individuals go through, making it a valuable framework for understanding the process of quitting smoking.

Question 2

Julia, an 18-year old girl, sees many of her friends smoking. Research on risky behaviors​ in teenagers suggest that Julia is likely to

Accepted Answer

Research on risky behaviors in teenagers suggests that peer influence plays a significant role in their decisions to engage in such behaviors. Seeing many of her friends smoking is likely to increase Julia's behavioral willingness to engage in smoking due to peer pressure and the desire to fit in.

Question 3

Research has found that planning was influential to adult physical activity​

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that planning is particularly effective for individuals who already have an intention to exercise, helping them translate their intentions into action.

Question 4

Research findings indicate that people's decisions to quit smoking were more affected by _______, and during the process of quitting, people were more affected by ________.​

Accepted Answer

Research findings indicate that people's decisions to quit smoking were more affected by cognitive processes, such as belief in the health risks associated with smoking, whereas during the process of quitting, people were more affected by behavioral techniques, such as using nicotine replacement therapy or engaging in distractions to avoid cravings.

Question 5

_______ methods for improving adherence increase knowledge; however, ______ approaches have been shown to increase adherence.​

Accepted Answer

Educational methods are effective in increasing knowledge about health, treatments, or medication regimens, but it is behavioral approaches that have been shown to significantly increase adherence to those regimens by modifying patients' habits and routines.

Question 6

For improving adherence, _________ strategies are more helpful to patients who need to know _______ to change their behavior; _______ strategies are more helpful to patients who need to know _______ to change their behavior.​

Accepted Answer

Educational strategies are more effective for patients who need to understand why they need to change their behavior, while behavioral strategies are more helpful for patients who need to know how to make changes. Therefore, option B is the correct answer.

Question 7

The technique of motivational interviewing may be applied to adherence ​

Accepted Answer

Motivational interviewing is a patient-centered counseling style that helps individuals explore and resolve ambivalence about behavior change. This technique can be applied to improve adherence by helping to increase motivation, enhance self-efficacy, and identify barriers to adherence. The goal is to prepare the patient for behavior change and encourage them to take action towards improved health outcomes. Research has shown that motivational interviewing is an effective approach to improving medication adherence, treatment engagement, and behavior change. However, there is no evidence to suggest that this approach works better for males or females.

Question 8

​A study by Cahill, Lancaster, and Green (2010) found that interventions matched to stage theories were ________ compared to uniform interventions consistent with continuum theories when applied to smoking cessation.

Accepted Answer

The study by Cahill, Lancaster, and Green (2010) found that interventions matched to stage theories were equally effective compared to uniform interventions consistent with continuum theories when applied to smoking cessation.

Question 9

__________ refers to specific plans that individuals can make that identify what, where, when, and how they will engage in a health behavior.​

Accepted Answer

Implementation intentions refer to specific plans that individuals can make that identify what, where, when, and how they will engage in a health behavior. This can help increase the likelihood of the behavior being carried out, as it provides a clear and concrete plan for the individual to follow. Choices A, B, and C are related constructs in the Theory of Planned Behavior, but do not specifically refer to the formation of implementation intentions.

Question 10

One strategy to improve adherence is tailoring the regimen; an example is​

Accepted Answer

Using text messages to prompt people to take their medication is an example of tailoring the regimen to improve adherence. This method uses technology to provide individualized reminders and encourages patients to take their medication as prescribed. Studies have shown that text message reminders can significantly improve medication adherence rates. Options A, B, and D may also be useful strategies to improve adherence, but they do not specifically involve tailoring the regimen.

Question 11

Which of the following must a person have during the second phase of the health action process approach model?

Accepted Answer

During the second phase of the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) model, which is the volitional phase, individuals need to have plans for anticipated setbacks to maintain their health behavior change.

Question 12

A health psychologist wants to research which of these models and theories is better at predicting the intentions of young adults for performing breast self-examinations and for avoiding unhealthy diets. A study by Garcia and Mann (2003) found which one better?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A health psychologist wants to research which...

Question 13

Many programs used today for changing health behaviors employ behavioral techniques, which are ________ with the stage models described in your text.

Accepted Answer

The programs used for changing health behaviors employ behavioral techniques that are compatible with the stage models described in the text. This means that the techniques used in these programs are in alignment with the different stages of behavior change outlined in the stage models. For example, a program that aims to help individuals quit smoking may use different techniques for those in the pre-contemplation stage than for those in the action stage. By aligning techniques with the appropriate stage, the program can be more effective in helping individuals change their behavior.

Question 14

Some researchers (Herzog, 2008; Armitage, 2009) believe that the _______ number of stages in the health action process approach may be _______ useful than those in the transtheoretical approach for effective interventions.​

Accepted Answer

The health action process approach has fewer stages than the transtheoretical model, and some researchers believe that having fewer stages can make it more useful for designing effective interventions.

Question 15

A health psychologist is planning an intervention to help a client, who keeps forgetting to take her medication as directed, improve her adherence. Based on research findings, which behavioral intervention(s) would be most effective?​

Accepted Answer

Tailoring the regimen involves customizing the medication schedule to fit the client's lifestyle, which can significantly improve adherence by making it easier for the client to remember and incorporate into their daily routine.

Question 16

Which of the following is an aspect of tailoring the regimen that research studies have found among the most effective for improving medication adherence?​

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is an aspect...

Question 17

The well-known "Scared Straight" program, wherein maximum-security prison inmates share their stories of incarceration with teenagers to deter them from criminal behaviors, is an example of:​

Accepted Answer

The answer of The well-known "Scared Straight" program, wherein maximum-security...

Question 18

To illustrate her point that "We are often goal-oriented but not role-oriented," professional psychotherapist Miriam joked, "For example, I want to lose 20 pounds, but I don't want to change my diet or exercise." This is an example of:​

Accepted Answer

The statement exemplifies the intention-behavior gap, where a person has a goal but is not willing to put in the necessary effort or behavior to achieve it.

Question 19

__________ refers to people's motivation at a given moment to engage in a risky behavior.​

Accepted Answer

Behavioral willingness refers to the degree to which individuals are currently motivated to engage in a risky behavior, regardless of their attitudes or intentions towards it. It is influenced by factors such as emotions, social context, and perceived benefits and costs of the behavior. Perceived behavioral control refers to individuals' perceived ability to perform the behavior, whereas subjective norms refer to perceived social pressure to perform or not perform the behavior. Implementation intentions are specific plans that individuals make to carry out a behavior in a specific situation.

Question 20

Among challenges for health psychologists in constructing valid health behavior models, which is most related to the need to reduce complex data to meaningful generalizations?​

Accepted Answer

Balancing individual differences vs. theoretical simplicity is related to the need to reduce complex data to meaningful generalizations. Health psychologists need to consider individual differences while constructing health behavior models, but at the same time, they need to simplify the model to make it easily applicable to a broader population.

Quiz 4: Adhering to Healthy Behavior

In a meta-analysis, Rosen (2000) found that the transtheoretical model was most effective for explaining health behaviors related to

Julia, an 18-year old girl, sees many of her friends smoking. Research on risky behaviors in teenagers suggest that Julia is likely to

Research has found that planning was influential to adult physical activity

Research findings indicate that people's decisions to quit smoking were more affected by _, and during the process of quitting, people were more affected by __.

_ methods for improving adherence increase knowledge; however, approaches have been shown to increase adherence.

For improving adherence, _____ strategies are more helpful to patients who need to know _ to change their behavior; _ strategies are more helpful to patients who need to know ___ to change their behavior.

The technique of motivational interviewing may be applied to adherence

A study by Cahill, Lancaster, and Green (2010) found that interventions matched to stage theories were ________ compared to uniform interventions consistent with continuum theories when applied to smoking cessation.

__________ refers to specific plans that individuals can make that identify what, where, when, and how they will engage in a health behavior.

One strategy to improve adherence is tailoring the regimen; an example is

Which of the following must a person have during the second phase of the health action process approach model?

A health psychologist wants to research which of these models and theories is better at predicting the intentions of young adults for performing breast self-examinations and for avoiding unhealthy diets. A study by Garcia and Mann (2003) found which one better?

Many programs used today for changing health behaviors employ behavioral techniques, which are ________ with the stage models described in your text.

Some researchers (Herzog, 2008; Armitage, 2009) believe that the _ number of stages in the health action process approach may be _ useful than those in the transtheoretical approach for effective interventions.

A health psychologist is planning an intervention to help a client, who keeps forgetting to take her medication as directed, improve her adherence. Based on research findings, which behavioral intervention(s) would be most effective?

Which of the following is an aspect of tailoring the regimen that research studies have found among the most effective for improving medication adherence?

The well-known "Scared Straight" program, wherein maximum-security prison inmates share their stories of incarceration with teenagers to deter them from criminal behaviors, is an example of:

To illustrate her point that "We are often goal-oriented but not role-oriented," professional psychotherapist Miriam joked, "For example, I want to lose 20 pounds, but I don't want to change my diet or exercise." This is an example of:

__________ refers to people's motivation at a given moment to engage in a risky behavior.

Among challenges for health psychologists in constructing valid health behavior models, which is most related to the need to reduce complex data to meaningful generalizations?

Quiz 4: Adhering to Healthy Behavior

In a meta-analysis, Rosen (2000) found that the transtheoretical model was most effective for explaining health behaviors related to​

Julia, an 18-year old girl, sees many of her friends smoking. Research on risky behaviors​ in teenagers suggest that Julia is likely to

Research has found that planning was influential to adult physical activity​

Research findings indicate that people's decisions to quit smoking were more affected by _______, and during the process of quitting, people were more affected by ________.​

_______ methods for improving adherence increase knowledge; however, ______ approaches have been shown to increase adherence.​

For improving adherence, _________ strategies are more helpful to patients who need to know _______ to change their behavior; _______ strategies are more helpful to patients who need to know _______ to change their behavior.​

The technique of motivational interviewing may be applied to adherence ​

​A study by Cahill, Lancaster, and Green (2010) found that interventions matched to stage theories were ________ compared to uniform interventions consistent with continuum theories when applied to smoking cessation.

__________ refers to specific plans that individuals can make that identify what, where, when, and how they will engage in a health behavior.​

One strategy to improve adherence is tailoring the regimen; an example is​

Which of the following must a person have during the second phase of the health action process approach model?

A health psychologist wants to research which of these models and theories is better at predicting the intentions of young adults for performing breast self-examinations and for avoiding unhealthy diets. A study by Garcia and Mann (2003) found which one better?

Many programs used today for changing health behaviors employ behavioral techniques, which are ________ with the stage models described in your text.

Some researchers (Herzog, 2008; Armitage, 2009) believe that the _______ number of stages in the health action process approach may be _______ useful than those in the transtheoretical approach for effective interventions.​

A health psychologist is planning an intervention to help a client, who keeps forgetting to take her medication as directed, improve her adherence. Based on research findings, which behavioral intervention(s) would be most effective?​

Which of the following is an aspect of tailoring the regimen that research studies have found among the most effective for improving medication adherence?​

The well-known "Scared Straight" program, wherein maximum-security prison inmates share their stories of incarceration with teenagers to deter them from criminal behaviors, is an example of:​

To illustrate her point that "We are often goal-oriented but not role-oriented," professional psychotherapist Miriam joked, "For example, I want to lose 20 pounds, but I don't want to change my diet or exercise." This is an example of:​

__________ refers to people's motivation at a given moment to engage in a risky behavior.​

Among challenges for health psychologists in constructing valid health behavior models, which is most related to the need to reduce complex data to meaningful generalizations?​

In a meta-analysis, Rosen (2000) found that the transtheoretical model was most effective for explaining health behaviors related to

Julia, an 18-year old girl, sees many of her friends smoking. Research on risky behaviors in teenagers suggest that Julia is likely to

Research has found that planning was influential to adult physical activity

Research findings indicate that people's decisions to quit smoking were more affected by _, and during the process of quitting, people were more affected by __.

_ methods for improving adherence increase knowledge; however, approaches have been shown to increase adherence.

For improving adherence, _____ strategies are more helpful to patients who need to know _ to change their behavior; _ strategies are more helpful to patients who need to know ___ to change their behavior.

The technique of motivational interviewing may be applied to adherence

A study by Cahill, Lancaster, and Green (2010) found that interventions matched to stage theories were ________ compared to uniform interventions consistent with continuum theories when applied to smoking cessation.

__________ refers to specific plans that individuals can make that identify what, where, when, and how they will engage in a health behavior.

One strategy to improve adherence is tailoring the regimen; an example is

Some researchers (Herzog, 2008; Armitage, 2009) believe that the _ number of stages in the health action process approach may be _ useful than those in the transtheoretical approach for effective interventions.

A health psychologist is planning an intervention to help a client, who keeps forgetting to take her medication as directed, improve her adherence. Based on research findings, which behavioral intervention(s) would be most effective?

Which of the following is an aspect of tailoring the regimen that research studies have found among the most effective for improving medication adherence?

The well-known "Scared Straight" program, wherein maximum-security prison inmates share their stories of incarceration with teenagers to deter them from criminal behaviors, is an example of:

To illustrate her point that "We are often goal-oriented but not role-oriented," professional psychotherapist Miriam joked, "For example, I want to lose 20 pounds, but I don't want to change my diet or exercise." This is an example of:

__________ refers to people's motivation at a given moment to engage in a risky behavior.

Among challenges for health psychologists in constructing valid health behavior models, which is most related to the need to reduce complex data to meaningful generalizations?