Question 1

Modern atomic theory places electrons into complex mathematical probability functions called "orbitals."

Accepted Answer

According to modern atomic theory, electrons are not placed in discrete orbits around the nucleus, but are instead described by mathematical functions called electron orbitals. These orbitals describe the probability of finding an electron in a particular region of space around the nucleus.

Question 2

Shells get larger as the principal quantum number n increases.

Accepted Answer

This is true according to the Bohr model of the atom, which states that each shell corresponds to a specific value of the principal quantum number n. The higher the value of n, the greater the distance between the nucleus and the electrons in that shell, leading to a larger overall size of the shell.

Question 3

Which element is the more reactive, sodium (Na) or potassium (K)?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which element is the more reactive, sodium...

Question 4

Classify each of the following as ground state, excited state, or impossible electronic configurations. -1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s¹3d¹⁰4p¹

Accepted Answer

The first electrons in each sublevel (1s, 2s, and 3s) are in the ground state. However, the electron configuration jumps to the first excited state once we reach 2p, with one electron occupying the 2p sublevel instead of the 2s sublevel. This pattern of jumping to the excited state continues for the rest of the electron configuration. Therefore, the electron configuration is an excited state configuration.

Question 5

Match each element with the most likely valence charge.
-O

Accepted Answer

Oxygen typically has a valence charge of -2, as it tends to gain two electrons to fill its outer shell and achieve a stable electronic configuration.

Question 6

Classify each of the following as ground state, excited state, or impossible electronic configurations. -1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²4p¹

Accepted Answer

The electronic configurations have increasing energy levels, starting from the ground state. The configuration given has multiple electrons that are in excited states, indicating an excited state configuration.

Question 7

List the sublevels of the n = 3 principal energy level, and state the maximum number of electrons contained within each of these sublevels.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List the sublevels of the n =...

Question 8

Write the complete electronic ground state configuration for tellurium (Te). Make sure the terms in your answer are listed in order of increasing energy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Write the complete electronic ground state configuration...

Question 9

The 95% boundary indicates the area where 95% of the time the electron may be found.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. The 95% boundary is often used in quantum mechanics to depict where an electron is likely to be found 95% of the time.

Question 10

Classify each of the following as ground state, excited state, or impossible electronic configurations. -1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁸

Accepted Answer

The given electronic configuration does not follow the conventional notation or quantum number rules, making it impossible to interpret according to known atomic structure principles.

Question 11

One example of a d orbital looks like a four-leaf clover.

Accepted Answer

This is true. The d orbitals have complex shapes, with the dxy, dxz, and dyz orbitals resembling four-leaf clovers.

Question 12

Classify each of the following as ground state, excited state, or impossible electronic configurations. -1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s¹

Accepted Answer

This configuration represents the ground state of potassium (K), which has an atomic number of 19. The electrons are filled according to the Aufbau principle, Hund's rule, and the Pauli exclusion principle.

Question 13

Match each element with the most likely valence charge.
-S

Accepted Answer

Sulfur (S) most commonly has a valence charge of -2, as it tends to gain two electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration similar to the nearest noble gas, neon.

Question 14

Modern scientists accept the notion that electrons are found in circular orbits around a central, positively charged nucleus.

Accepted Answer

Modern scientists do not accept the notion of electrons being in circular orbits around a central nucleus. Instead, they recognize that electrons exist in atomic orbitals, which are regions of space where there is a high probability of finding an electron.

Question 15

Match each element with the most likely valence charge.
-Li

Accepted Answer

Lithium is in Group 1 of the periodic table, so it will lose one electron to form a 1+ ion.

Question 16

Carbon can assume both +4 and -4 charges.

Accepted Answer

Carbon can form covalent bonds with four other atoms, sharing electrons to complete its outer shell. In these covalent bonds, carbon can either gain four electrons (assume -4 charge) or lose four electrons (assume +4 charge), depending on the atoms it is bonding with.

Question 17

Write the complete electronic ground state configuration of the Se2- ion. Which other element (if any) shares this electronic configuration?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Write the complete electronic ground state configuration...

Question 18

Classify each of the following as ground state, excited state, or impossible electronic configurations. -1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d⁵

Accepted Answer

This configuration represents the ground state of the element manganese (Mn), which has an atomic number of 25.

Question 19

Classify each of the following as ground state, excited state, or impossible electronic configurations. -1s²2s²2p⁶3s¹3p³

Accepted Answer

All of the configurations have an appropriate number of electrons assigned to them, but the order in which they are arranged is incorrect for a ground state configuration. Therefore, it must be an excited state.

Question 20

Classify each of the following as ground state, excited state, or impossible electronic configurations. -1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d¹²

Accepted Answer

The notation used for the electronic configurations is unconventional and does not follow the standard format (e.g., 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6), making it impossible to accurately classify them as ground state, excited state, or impossible state.

Quiz 4: The Modern Model of the Atom

Modern atomic theory places electrons into complex mathematical probability functions called "orbitals."

Shells get larger as the principal quantum number n increases.

Which element is the more reactive, sodium (Na) or potassium (K)?

Classify each of the following as ground state, excited state, or impossible electronic configurations. -1s22s22p63s23p64s13d104p1

Match each element with the most likely valence charge. -O

Classify each of the following as ground state, excited state, or impossible electronic configurations. -1s22s22p63s23p64s24p1

List the sublevels of the n = 3 principal energy level, and state the maximum number of electrons contained within each of these sublevels.

Write the complete electronic ground state configuration for tellurium (Te). Make sure the terms in your answer are listed in order of increasing energy.

The 95% boundary indicates the area where 95% of the time the electron may be found.

Classify each of the following as ground state, excited state, or impossible electronic configurations. -1s22s22p63s23p8

One example of a d orbital looks like a four-leaf clover.

Classify each of the following as ground state, excited state, or impossible electronic configurations. -1s22s22p63s23p64s1

Match each element with the most likely valence charge. -S