Question 1

Uranium-238 can capture a neutron inside a nuclear reactor (a so-called breeder reactor), producing an isotope of plutonium and two beta particles. The plutonium can then itself be used as a nuclear fuel. Write a balanced equation for the breeder reactor's production of plutonium (include isotope number) from uranium-238.

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Question 2

During the MRI procedure the human is placed in a magnetic field and radio waves are used to probe certain nuclei in the body.

Accepted Answer

This is a simplified but accurate description of how an MRI works. The magnetic field aligns the nuclei in the body, and radio waves are used to excite and detect signals from these nuclei, which are then used to create an image.

Question 3

Calculate the binding energy of oxygen-16 in J/mol. This isotope has an atomic mass of 15.9949 g/mol.

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Question 4

What is the mass defect of the carbon-14 isotope (in g/mol)? Carbon-14 has an atomic mass of 14.0032 g/mol.

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Question 5

For the following nuclear reactions, supply the missing isotope, or elementary particle.
-14N + 4He → ________ + 1H

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Question 6

The half life of 14C is 5,715 years.

Accepted Answer

This is true, the half life of 14C is indeed 5,715 years.

Question 7

For the following nuclear reactions, supply the missing isotope, or elementary particle.
-22Na → ________ + +1e

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Question 8

Fusion reactors of the future hope to make use of the following reaction:
2H + 3H → 4He + 1n
How much energy is released in this process (in J/mol)?
(2H = 2.0141 g/mol; 3H = 3.0160 g/mol; 4He = 4.0026 g/mol; 1n = 1.00866 g/mol)

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Question 9

The daughter isotope of 210Po when it undergoes beta-emission is 210At.

Accepted Answer

When 210Po undergoes beta emission, it emits an electron (beta particle) from a neutron, which transforms into a proton, increasing its atomic number by 1, thus becoming 210At (Astatine-210).

Question 10

Calculate the binding energy of neon-22 in J/mol. This isotope has an atomic mass of 21.9914 g/mol.

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Question 11

13C is the carbon isotope used for radioactive carbon dating.

Accepted Answer

14C is the carbon isotope used for radioactive carbon dating.

Question 12

A fusion reaction creates more energy than a fission reaction.

Accepted Answer

Fusion reactions create more energy than fission reactions because in fusion, two smaller nuclei combine to form a larger one, releasing more energy in the process. In fission, a larger nucleus is split into smaller ones, releasing less energy comparatively.

Question 13

Nuclear radiation can cause biological damage by the weakening or breaking of bonds.

Accepted Answer

Nuclear radiation can ionize molecules by removing or adding electrons, causing weakening or breaking of chemical bonds which can lead to biological damage.

Question 14

What is the mass defect of the lithium-9 isotope in g/mol? Lithium-9 has an atomic mass of 9.0273 g/mol.

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Question 15

The half-life of chlorine-34 is 1.52 seconds. How much time will pass before a given sample of chlorine-34 decays by 60%?

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Question 16

For the following nuclear reactions, supply the missing isotope, or elementary particle.
-________ → 226Rn + 4He

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Question 17

If nuclear energy is released all at once, a nuclear bomb can be created.

Accepted Answer

A nuclear bomb is created when a large amount of nuclear energy is released all at once in a process called nuclear fission.

Question 18

Many radioactive nuclei release energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation, such as gamma rays.

Accepted Answer

This is true. Radioactive decay can involve the emission of gamma rays, which are a form of electromagnetic radiation.

Question 19

A fission reaction is always endothermic.

Accepted Answer

A fission reaction releases a large amount of energy in the form of heat, therefore it is exothermic, not endothermic.

Question 20

Calculate the amount of energy released when this nuclear reaction occurs inside an atomic warhead:
1n + 235U → 137Te + 97Zr + 2 1n
(235U = 235.0439 g/mol; 137Te = 136.9254 g/mol; 97Zr = 96.9110 g/mol; 1n = 1.00866 g/mol)

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Quiz 16: Nuclear Chemistry

During the MRI procedure the human is placed in a magnetic field and radio waves are used to probe certain nuclei in the body.

Calculate the binding energy of oxygen-16 in J/mol. This isotope has an atomic mass of 15.9949 g/mol.

What is the mass defect of the carbon-14 isotope (in g/mol)? Carbon-14 has an atomic mass of 14.0032 g/mol.

For the following nuclear reactions, supply the missing isotope, or elementary particle. -14N + 4He → ________ + 1H

The half life of 14C is 5,715 years.

For the following nuclear reactions, supply the missing isotope, or elementary particle. -22Na → ________ + +1e

Fusion reactors of the future hope to make use of the following reaction: 2H + 3H → 4He + 1n How much energy is released in this process (in J/mol)? (2H = 2.0141 g/mol; 3H = 3.0160 g/mol; 4He = 4.0026 g/mol; 1n = 1.00866 g/mol)

The daughter isotope of 210Po when it undergoes beta-emission is 210At.

Calculate the binding energy of neon-22 in J/mol. This isotope has an atomic mass of 21.9914 g/mol.

13C is the carbon isotope used for radioactive carbon dating.

A fusion reaction creates more energy than a fission reaction.

Nuclear radiation can cause biological damage by the weakening or breaking of bonds.

What is the mass defect of the lithium-9 isotope in g/mol? Lithium-9 has an atomic mass of 9.0273 g/mol.

The half-life of chlorine-34 is 1.52 seconds. How much time will pass before a given sample of chlorine-34 decays by 60%?

For the following nuclear reactions, supply the missing isotope, or elementary particle. -________ → 226Rn + 4He

If nuclear energy is released all at once, a nuclear bomb can be created.

Many radioactive nuclei release energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation, such as gamma rays.

A fission reaction is always endothermic.

Calculate the amount of energy released when this nuclear reaction occurs inside an atomic warhead: 1n + 235U → 137Te + 97Zr + 2 1n (235U = 235.0439 g/mol; 137Te = 136.9254 g/mol; 97Zr = 96.9110 g/mol; 1n = 1.00866 g/mol)