Question 1

Which of the following is the BEST source of thiamin?
A) citrus fruits
B) green leafy vegetables
C) milk
D) whole and enriched cereals and grains

Accepted Answer

Thiamin is most abundant in whole and enriched cereals and grains. It is added to these products during processing to prevent deficiencies. Citrus fruits, green leafy vegetables, and milk contain some thiamin, but not as much as whole and enriched cereals and grains.

Question 2

Which of the following explains why folate is critical to the health of a newly conceived embryo?
A) Folate is needed for proper cell division.
B) Folate is essential for maintaining proper fluid balance.
C) Folate regulates bone formation.
D) Folate is essential for heart function.

Accepted Answer

Folate is critical to the health of a newly conceived embryo because it is needed for proper cell division, which is essential for the development of the embryo.

Question 3

Pellagra is the deficiency disease associated with
A) folate.
B) niacin.
C) thiamin.
D) riboflavin.

Accepted Answer

Pellagra is a deficiency disease associated with niacin, which is a B vitamin. Symptoms include dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia.

Question 4

What is transamination?
A) a deficiency of vitamin B₆
B) a symptom of niacin toxicity
C) a key process in the creation of nonessential amino acids
D) vitamin deficiency resulting from inadequate protein intake

Accepted Answer

Transamination is the process by which a nitrogen-containing group is transferred from an amino acid to an alpha-ketoacid, resulting in the creation of a new amino acid. This process is a key step in the creation of nonessential amino acids, which the body can produce on its own.

Question 5

The first B-vitamin discovered was
A) thiamin.
B) niacin.
C) folate.
D) vitamin B₁₂.

Accepted Answer

Thiamin was the first B-vitamin to be discovered. It was originally called vitamin B1.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of pellagra?
A) dermatitis
B) diarrhea
C) dementia
D) dizziness

Accepted Answer

Dizziness is not a typical symptom of pellagra. The three main symptoms of pellagra are dermatitis (skin rash), diarrhea, and dementia (mental confusion and memory loss). Other symptoms can include fatigue, headache, irritability, and loss of appetite.

Question 7

Vitamin B₁₂ is essential for the proper functioning of which type of cells?
A) epithelial (skin)
B) nerve
C) gastric (stomach)
D) hepatic (liver)

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B₁₂ is essential for the proper functioning of nerve cells. It plays a key role in the synthesis of myelin, a fatty substance that forms a protective sheath around nerve cells and helps improve nerve impulse conduction. Deficiency of vitamin B₁₂ can lead to neurological symptoms such as tingling, numbness, and fatigue. It is also important for the formation of red blood cells and DNA synthesis.

Question 8

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is associated with the decreased absorption and utilization of
A) glucose.
B) thiamin.
C) riboflavin.
D) protein.

Accepted Answer

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is a neurological disorder caused by thiamin deficiency, which primarily affects individuals with alcohol use disorder. The decreased absorption and utilization of thiamin lead to a range of symptoms, including confusion, memory loss, and vision disturbances.

Question 9

A toxicity of folate can disguise a true deficiency of which nutrient, resulting in nerve damage?
A) niacin
B) vitamin B₆
C) iron
D) vitamin B₁₂

Accepted Answer

Folate can mask a vitamin B₁₂ deficiency, which can lead to nerve damage.

Question 10

A person suffering from fatigue, muscle wasting, and nerve damage is likely suffering from which of the following deficiency diseases?
A) cretinism
B) beriberi
C) pellagra
D) macrocytic anemia

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described are commonly associated with beriberi, a deficiency disease caused by a lack of thiamine (vitamin B1). Cretinism is caused by a lack of iodine, pellagra is caused by a lack of niacin (vitamin B3), and macrocytic anemia is caused by a deficiency of vitamin B12 or folate.

Question 11

Which vitamin can be made from the amino acid tryptophan?
A) niacin
B) vitamin C
C) vitamin K
D) vitamin B₁₂

Accepted Answer

Niacin can be synthesized from the amino acid tryptophan through a series of biochemical reactions. Therefore, option A is the correct choice.

Question 12

Good sources of riboflavin include
A) milk, meats, and green vegetables.
B) refined grains and pork.
C) citrus fruits and berries.
D) potatoes, carrots, and bananas.

Accepted Answer

Milk, meats, and green vegetables are all good sources of riboflavin. Refined grains are sometimes fortified with riboflavin, but whole grains are a better source. Pork contains some riboflavin, but not as much as milk and green vegetables. Citrus fruits and berries are not significant sources of riboflavin. Potatoes and bananas do contain some riboflavin, but not as much as milk and green vegetables.

Question 13

Chromium assists in the uptake of which of the following?
A) calcium
B) sodium
C) potassium
D) glucose

Accepted Answer

Chromium is known to assist in the uptake of glucose, making it an important nutrient for maintaining healthy blood sugar levels.

Question 14

Folate deficiency during pregnancy is associated with
A) Down's syndrome.
B) gestational diabetes.
C) neural tube defects.
D) pellagra.

Accepted Answer

Folate deficiency during pregnancy is associated with neural tube defects, which affect the development of the baby's brain and spinal cord. Adequate folate intake before and during pregnancy can help prevent these birth defects.

Question 15

Which statement regarding thiamin is FALSE?
A) It plays a critical role in the breakdown of glucose for energy.
B) It plays a role in the synthesis of neurotransmitters.
C) It is often toxic when consumed in excess.
D) It acts as a coenzyme in the metabolism of branched-chain amino acids.

Accepted Answer

Thiamin is a water-soluble vitamin and excess amounts are excreted in urine, so toxicity is rare.

Question 16

Which of these nutrients is destroyed by exposure to light?
A) riboflavin
B) iron
C) vitamin B₁₂
D) vitamin D

Accepted Answer

Riboflavin is a nutrient that is sensitive to light and can be easily destroyed by exposure to light. Iron, vitamin B₁₂, and vitamin D are not known to be significantly affected by light.

Question 17

What is the primary role of the B-vitamins?
A) provide the body with energy
B) act as coenzymes
C) maintain and repair body tissues
D) maintain acid-base balance

Accepted Answer

B-vitamins act as coenzymes, which means that they participate in enzymatic reactions that facilitate the metabolism of macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, and fats) for energy production.

Question 18

The primary sources of folate in the Canadian diet are
A) milk and dairy products.
B) fresh fruits and vegetables.
C) meat, fish, and poultry.
D) enriched ready-to-eat cereals, bread, and grain products.

Accepted Answer

Enriched ready-to-eat cereals, bread, and grain products are the best sources of folate in the Canadian diet, as they are fortified with folic acid (a synthetic form of folate) to help prevent neural tube defects in babies. While fresh fruits and vegetables are also good sources of natural folate, their levels can vary depending on the soil content and growing conditions. Meat, fish, and poultry are not significant sources of folate in the diet. Milk and dairy products contain only small amounts of folate.

Question 19

What is the primary symptom of niacin toxicity?
A) dizziness
B) diarrhea
C) fatigue
D) flushing

Accepted Answer

The primary symptom of niacin toxicity is flushing, which can cause redness, warmth, and itching of the skin. Other symptoms can include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, and liver damage. It is important to speak with a healthcare provider before taking high doses of niacin as a supplement.

Question 20

Pellagra was first seen in populations where the dietary staple was
A) white rice.
B) unpasteurized milk.
C) corn.
D) wheat.

Accepted Answer

Pellagra is caused by a deficiency of niacin (vitamin B3) which is found in high amounts in meat, poultry, fish, and whole grains. However, in populations where the main dietary staple is corn, which is low in niacin and has high levels of an amino acid called tryptophan that competes with niacin for absorption, pellagra became prevalent.

Quiz 10: Nutrients Involved in Energy Metabolism and Blood Health

Which of the following is the BEST source of thiamin?

Which of the following explains why folate is critical to the health of a newly conceived embryo?

Pellagra is the deficiency disease associated with

What is transamination?

The first B-vitamin discovered was

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of pellagra?

Vitamin B₁₂ is essential for the proper functioning of which type of cells?

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is associated with the decreased absorption and utilization of

A toxicity of folate can disguise a true deficiency of which nutrient, resulting in nerve damage?

A person suffering from fatigue, muscle wasting, and nerve damage is likely suffering from which of the following deficiency diseases?

Which vitamin can be made from the amino acid tryptophan?

Good sources of riboflavin include

Chromium assists in the uptake of which of the following?

Folate deficiency during pregnancy is associated with

Which statement regarding thiamin is FALSE?

Which of these nutrients is destroyed by exposure to light?

What is the primary role of the B-vitamins?

The primary sources of folate in the Canadian diet are

What is the primary symptom of niacin toxicity?

Pellagra was first seen in populations where the dietary staple was