Question 1

Remembering more overall later than before is called __________.

Accepted Answer

Hypermnesia refers to the ability to remember more overall later than before, whether it is a specific event, a collection of memories, or general knowledge. Reminiscence and recovery do not specifically refer to an improvement in memory, and permastore is not a recognized term in psychology.

Question 2

What is a chronometric approach to assessing memory that involves having a person repeatedly engaging in the same sort of mental operation?

Accepted Answer

The chronometric approach that involves having a person repeatedly engaging in the same sort of mental operation is known as additive factors logic. This approach measures the time it takes for a person to perform a specific cognitive task while manipulating different variables to determine their impact on performance. By keeping the mental operation consistent, researchers can isolate the effects of individual factors on memory performance.

Question 3

The later remembering of previously forgotten information is called __________.

Accepted Answer

Reminiscence is the later remembering of previously forgotten information.

Question 4

A method that can be used to assess how people structure information in memory is __________.

Accepted Answer

ARC scores are used to assess how people structure information in memory by measuring the organization of recalled information.

Question 5

When a participant sees the word "salt" displayed, and information about pepper is remembered more quickly than the same information is by a participant who has seen the word "tree" displayed instead, what has occurred?

Accepted Answer

This phenomenon is known as priming, where the presentation of one stimulus (in this case, the word "salt") influences the participant's response to a subsequent stimulus (in this case, the information about pepper). The word "salt" primes the participant to think about related concepts, such as seasoning or condiments, which makes information about pepper more accessible and easier to remember.

Question 6

Hypermnesia is ___________.

Accepted Answer

Hypermnesia is the phenomenon where there is an increase in the amount of information remembered on subsequent recall attempts, potentially leading to the recollection of previously forgotten information.

Question 7

The concept that memories of the past are distorted to conform to current knowledge or goals refers to __________.

Accepted Answer

Hindsight bias refers to the tendency to remember past events as being more predictable than they actually were, based on current knowledge or goals.

Question 8

Collaborative facilitation is often observed __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Collaborative facilitation is often observed __________.
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Question 9

What is an example of an experimental result that is revealed by using converging evidence?

Accepted Answer

The speed-accuracy tradeoff is an example of an experimental result that can be revealed through converging evidence, as it has been observed across various tasks and methodologies, demonstrating how increasing speed can lead to decreased accuracy and vice versa.

Question 10

If people are given otherwise random sets of information, what will they do with them over time?

Accepted Answer

When people are given otherwise random sets of information, they tend to try to impose a subjective organization on it to make sense of it. This helps them remember the information better and makes it easier to retrieve it when needed.

Question 11

Recognition is generally easier for people than recall because __________.

Accepted Answer

Recognition requires less effort than recall because in recognition, a person only needs to match what is in the world with what is in memory, without having to generate information to report or create a retrieval plan. All three options are true, making choice D the correct answer.

Question 12

When people are given several options to choose from in order to answer a question, this is called __________.

Accepted Answer

When people are given several options to choose from in order to answer a question, it is called forced choice recognition. This is because they are forced to choose from a limited set of options rather than coming up with an answer on their own. Neither alternative recognition nor rejection of elements are commonly used terms in this context, while memory probing could refer to a variety of techniques used to elicit memories, not just multiple choice questions.

Question 13

What is a chronometric approach to assessing memory that involves having a person engaging in one task that includes a mental operation and another task that is identical except for the exclusion of that operation?

Accepted Answer

Subtractive factors logic is a chronometric approach used in cognitive psychology to assess memory or other cognitive processes. It involves comparing the time it takes for a person to perform two tasks: one that includes a specific mental operation and another that is identical except for the exclusion of that operation. The difference in reaction times is thought to reflect the time required for the mental operation in question.

Question 14

What are the 4 types of responses used to correct for guessing during recognition tasks?

Accepted Answer

The four types of responses used to correct for guessing during recognition tasks are hits (correctly identifying a previously presented item), misses (failing to identify a previously presented item), false alarms (incorrectly identifying a new item as previously presented), and correct rejections (correctly identifying a new item as not previously presented).

Question 15

All of the following are methods for assessing implicit memory EXCEPT __________.

Accepted Answer

Recognition is a method for assessing explicit memory, not implicit memory. Word stem completion, word fragment completion, and perceptual identification are all methods for assessing implicit memory.

Question 16

Collaborative inhibition is often observed __________.

Accepted Answer

Collaborative inhibition refers to the phenomenon where group performance on memory tasks is lower than the combined performance of individuals working alone. This is observed with actual groups, where the social dynamics and coordination costs can lead to inefficiencies not present in nominal groups (individuals working separately but whose results are combined).

Question 17

Metamemory measures assess what?

Accepted Answer

Metamemory measures assess how well a person is able to assess his or her own memory, beyond just measuring the size or awareness of memory.

Question 18

What 2 aspects of a person's recognition memory performance would go into a signal detection analysis?

Accepted Answer

In a signal detection analysis, the two aspects of a person's recognition memory performance that are used are hits (correctly identifying previously presented stimuli) and false alarms (incorrectly identifying new stimuli as previously presented). The other options listed (B, C, and D) only include one correct response and one incorrect response, which is not enough information for a signal detection analysis.

Question 19

According to signal detection theory, a person who has a liberal bias in responding is more likely to have a higher rate of ______________ than someone with a conservative bias, if the accuracy rate on old items is the same.

Accepted Answer

A liberal bias leads to a lower response threshold, meaning the person is more likely to say "yes" (hit) even if they are not sure if the stimulus is old or new. This can increase the number of false alarms (saying "yes" to new items). Therefore, someone with a liberal bias is more likely to have a higher rate of false alarms than someone with a conservative bias, if the accuracy rate on old items is the same.

Question 20

A method that can be used to assess how people structure information in memory is __________.

Accepted Answer

Inter-item delays refer to the time intervals between recalling items in a list, which can provide insights into how information is organized and structured in memory.

Quiz 3: Methods and Principles

Remembering more overall later than before is called __________.

What is a chronometric approach to assessing memory that involves having a person repeatedly engaging in the same sort of mental operation?

The later remembering of previously forgotten information is called __________.

A method that can be used to assess how people structure information in memory is __________.

When a participant sees the word "salt" displayed, and information about pepper is remembered more quickly than the same information is by a participant who has seen the word "tree" displayed instead, what has occurred?

Hypermnesia is ___________.

The concept that memories of the past are distorted to conform to current knowledge or goals refers to __________.

Collaborative facilitation is often observed __________.

What is an example of an experimental result that is revealed by using converging evidence?

If people are given otherwise random sets of information, what will they do with them over time?

Recognition is generally easier for people than recall because __________.

When people are given several options to choose from in order to answer a question, this is called __________.

What is a chronometric approach to assessing memory that involves having a person engaging in one task that includes a mental operation and another task that is identical except for the exclusion of that operation?

What are the 4 types of responses used to correct for guessing during recognition tasks?

All of the following are methods for assessing implicit memory EXCEPT __________.

Collaborative inhibition is often observed __________.

Metamemory measures assess what?

What 2 aspects of a person's recognition memory performance would go into a signal detection analysis?

According to signal detection theory, a person who has a liberal bias in responding is more likely to have a higher rate of ______________ than someone with a conservative bias, if the accuracy rate on old items is the same.

A method that can be used to assess how people structure information in memory is __________.