Question 1

The red blood cells appear __________ and __________ in cases of iron deficiency anemia.

Accepted Answer

The red blood cells appear microcytic and hypochromic in cases of iron deficiency anemia. Microcytic means smaller than normal, and hypochromic means lighter in color than normal. The red blood cells appear microcytic and hypochromic rather than hyperchromic in cases of iron deficiency anemia. The red blood cells appear microcytic rather than macrocytic and hypochromic in cases of iron deficiency anemia. The red blood cells appear microcytic rather than macrocytic and hypochromic rather than hyperchromic in cases of iron deficiency anemia.

Question 2

Diabetes is characterized by abnormally high blood _________ levels.

Accepted Answer

Diabetes is characterized by abnormally high blood glucose levels. These high levels result from a lack of the hormone insulin, defective insulin that does not work effectively to lower blood glucose levels, or increased insulin resistance because of obesity. Diabetes is characterized by abnormally high blood glucose and not phosphorus levels. Hyperparathyroidism is characterized by elevated levels of blood calcium and low levels of blood phosphorus. Diabetes is characterized by abnormally high blood glucose and not calcium levels. Diabetes is characterized by abnormally high blood glucose and not neutrophil levels. Leukemia is characterized by an overproduction of atypical white blood cells.

Question 3

A platelet count of less than ________/mm³ is considered thrombocytopenia.

Accepted Answer

A platelet count of less than 100,000/mm³ is considered thrombocytopenia. Spontaneous gingival bleeding can occur when a patient's platelet count is less than 20,000/mm³. A normal platelet count should be 150,000 to 400,000/mm³. A platelet count of less than 100,000/mm³ rather than 20,000/mm³ is considered thrombocytopenia. A platelet count of less than 100,000/mm³ rather than 150,000/mm³ is considered thrombocytopenia.

Question 4

Iron deficiency anemia may first result in loss of __________ papillae on the dorsum of the tongue because these papillae have the highest metabolic requirement.

Accepted Answer

Iron deficiency anemia may first result in loss of filiform papillae on the dorsum of the tongue because these papillae have the highest metabolic requirement. Disappearance of the fungiform papillae can also occur in chronic and severe cases. Disappearance of the fungiform papillae can also occur in chronic and severe cases; however, the filiform papillae on the dorsum of the tongue disappear first because these papillae have the highest metabolic requirement. Iron deficiency anemia may first result in loss of filiform papillae on the dorsum of the tongue rather than circumvallate papillae because filiform papillae have the highest metabolic requirement. Iron deficiency anemia may first result in loss of filiform papillae on the dorsum of the tongue rather than foliate papillae because filiform papillae have the highest metabolic requirement.

Question 5

The Schilling test detects an inability to absorb an oral dose of vitamin _____.

Accepted Answer

The Schilling test detects an inability to absorb an oral dose of vitamin B₁₂. It may be used in the diagnosis of pernicious anemia. Diagnostic features of pernicious anemia include low serum vitamin B₁₂levels and gastric achlorhydria. The treatment of pernicious anemia consists of injections of vitamin B₁₂. The oral mucosa improves in time, but the papillae on the dorsum of the tongue may not completely regenerate. The Schilling test detects an inability to absorb an oral dose of vitamin B₁₂rather than vitamin B₆. The Schilling test detects an inability to absorb an oral dose of vitamin B₁₂ rather than vitamin C. The Schilling test detects an inability to absorb an oral dose of vitamin B₁₂ rather than vitamin E.

Question 6

___________________ is an autosomal-dominant inherited disorder of platelet function.

Accepted Answer

von Willebrand disease is an autosomal-dominant inherited disorder of platelet function. Bruton disease is a disorder in which B cells do not mature. DiGeorge syndrome is a disorder in which the thymus is lacking and T cells do not mature. Hemophilia is a disorder of blood coagulation that results in severely prolonged clotting time.

Question 7

The production of adrenal steroids is normally stimulated by release of ___________ hormone from the pituitary gland.

Accepted Answer

The production of adrenal steroids is normally stimulated by release of adrenocorticotropic hormone from the pituitary gland. As a result of decreased production of adrenal steroids caused by Addison disease, the pituitary gland increases its production of adrenocorticotropic hormone. This hormone is similar to melanin-stimulating hormone and causes stimulation of melanocytes. Brown pigmentation (bronzing) of the skin occurs, and melanotic macules can appear on the oral mucosa. Follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone stimulate the release of estrogen and progesterone in females and testosterone in males. Growth hormone is also released by the pituitary gland.

Question 8

All terms describe a decrease in circulating red or white blood cells except one. Which is the exception?

Accepted Answer

Hypochromic refers to being stained less intensely than normal; this term does not relate to a decrease in cells. Thrombocytopenia is a decrease in the number of platelets in circulating blood. Anemia is a reduction of the number of red blood cells to less than normal. Neutropenia is a decreased number of neutrophils in the blood.

Question 9

All statements are true regarding type 2 diabetes mellitus except one. Which is the exception?

Accepted Answer

Type 1 diabetes can be complicated by polydipsia (excessive thirst and intake of fluid), polyuria (excessive urination), and polyphagia (excessive appetite). These complications are not commonly found in type 2 diabetes. It is also referred to as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Approximately 95% of all diabetic patients have type 2 diabetes. Contributing factors include a decrease in metabolic rate and weight gain.

Question 10

Myxedema is caused by _____________ of the ____________ gland.

Accepted Answer

When hypothyroidism occurs in older children and adults, it is referred to as myxedema. Myx-edema is not caused by an excessive production of the thyroid gland. Myxedema is caused by hyposecretion of the thyroid gland, not hypersecretion of the adrenal gland. Myxedema is not a function of the adrenal gland; it is caused by hyposecretion of the thyroid gland.

Question 11

Which system consists of a group of integrated glands and cells that secrete hormones?

Accepted Answer

The endocrine system consists of a group of integrated glands and cells that secrete hormones. The viral system is involved with viruses. Neoplastic refers to new growth or the formation of tumors. The immune system does not secrete hormones.

Question 12

Plummer-Vinson syndrome can develop as a result of long-standing __________ anemia.

Accepted Answer

Plummer-Vinson syndrome can develop as a result of long-standing iron deficiency anemia. This syndrome includes dysphagia, atrophy of the upper alimentary tract, and a predisposition to the development of oral cancer. Pernicious anemia is a vitamin B₁₂ deficiency caused by a deficiency of intrinsic factor, which is secreted by the parietal cells of the stomach. Thalassemia is the name of a group of inherited disorders of hemoglobin synthesis. Aplastic anemia results in a dramatic decrease in all the circulating blood cells because of a severe depression of bone marrow activity.

Question 13

Which type of hyperparathyroidism is the result of an overproduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in response to long-term decreased levels of serum calcium often associated with chronic renal disease?

Accepted Answer

Secondary hyperparathyroidism is the result of an overproduction of PTH in response to long-term decreased levels of serum calcium often associated with chronic renal disease. Primary hyperparathyroidism may be the result of hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands, a benign tumor of one or more of the parathyroid glands, or a malignant parathyroid tumor. It is not the result of an overproduction of PTH in response to long-term decreased levels of serum calcium often associated with chronic renal disease. Tertiary hyperparathyroidism is not a type of hyperparathyroidism. Familial hyperparathyroidism is not a designated type of hyperparathyroidism. However, studies show that some hyperparathyroidism may be familial.

Question 14

Which condition necessitates emergency intervention?

Accepted Answer

Insulin shock refers to a state of profound hypoglycemia (or low blood sugar) that necessitates emergency intervention. Hemostasis is the stoppage or cessation of bleeding. Ketoacidosis is the accumulation of acid in the body resulting from the accumulation of ketone bodies. Myalgia is a term to describe muscle pain.

Question 15

______________ is characterized by insufficient production of adrenal steroids.

Accepted Answer

Addison disease is characterized by insufficient production of adrenal steroids. Addison disease, rather than Addison syndrome, is characterized by insufficient production of adrenal steroids. Addison syndrome does not exist. Cushing syndrome, rather than Cushing disease, is characterized by excess production of adrenal steroids. Cushing syndrome rather than Cushing disease is characterized by excess production of adrenal steroids.

Question 16

Which term describes an opposite condition to anemia?

Accepted Answer

Anemia is the reduction of the number of red blood cells, and polycythemia is the increase in the total red blood cell mass in the blood. Arthralgia is severe pain in a joint. Hemolysis is the release of hemoglobin from red blood cells by destruction of the cells. Neutropenia is a decreased number of neutrophils in the blood.

Question 17

All are clinical features of gigantism except one. Which is the exception?

Accepted Answer

Gastrointestinal issues are not typically seen in cases of gigantism. Persons affected with gigantism experience headaches. Persons affected with gigantism experience chronic fatigue. Gigantism includes excessive growth of the overall skeleton, and individuals may be over 7 feet tall.

Question 18

Elevated blood levels of calcium, low levels of blood phosphorus, and abnormal bone metabolism are characteristic of which endocrine disorder?

Accepted Answer

Elevated blood levels of calcium, low levels of blood phosphorus, and abnormal bone metabolism are all characteristics of hyperparathyroidism. Hyperpituitarism is characterized by excess hormone production by the anterior pituitary gland. The diagnosis involves measurement of serum growth hormones after ingestion of glucose. Hyperthyroidism is characterized by excessive production of thyroid hormone. Characteristics of hypothyroidism include a decreased output of thyroid hormone.

Question 19

Which vitaminis needed for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis and, when lacking, affects the development of rapidly dividing cells in bone marrow and epithelium?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B₁₂ is needed for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis and, when lacking, affects the development of rapidly dividing cells in bone marrow and epithelium. Thiamin is needed for energy metabolism and is important in nerve function. Riboflavin is needed for energy metabolism and is important for vision and skin health. Vitamin C is an antioxidant. It is needed for protein metabolism and is important for immune system health and iron absorption.

Question 20

Type A hemophilia is caused by a deficiency of factor _____.

Accepted Answer

Type A hemophilia is caused by a deficiency of factor VIII, the clotting factor called plasma thromboplastinogen. This deficiency is characterized by severe hemorrhage after even mild-to-moderate injury or surgery. Type A hemophilia is caused by a deficiency of factor VIII, the clotting factor called plasma thromboplastinogen, rather than factor VII, which is proconvertin. Type B hemophilia, or Christmas disease, is less common than type A hemophilia. The clotting defect is in plasma thromboplastin, or factor IX. Type A hemophilia is caused by a deficiency of factor VIII, the clotting factor called plasma thromboplastinogen, rather than factor X, which is Stuart factor.

Quiz 9: Oral Manifestations of Systemic Diseases

The red blood cells appear and in cases of iron deficiency anemia.

Diabetes is characterized by abnormally high blood _________ levels.

A platelet count of less than ________/mm³ is considered thrombocytopenia.

Iron deficiency anemia may first result in loss of __________ papillae on the dorsum of the tongue because these papillae have the highest metabolic requirement.

The Schilling test detects an inability to absorb an oral dose of vitamin _____.

___________________ is an autosomal-dominant inherited disorder of platelet function.

The production of adrenal steroids is normally stimulated by release of ___________ hormone from the pituitary gland.

All terms describe a decrease in circulating red or white blood cells except one. Which is the exception?

All statements are true regarding type 2 diabetes mellitus except one. Which is the exception?

Myxedema is caused by _ of the gland.

Which system consists of a group of integrated glands and cells that secrete hormones?

Plummer-Vinson syndrome can develop as a result of long-standing __________ anemia.

Which type of hyperparathyroidism is the result of an overproduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in response to long-term decreased levels of serum calcium often associated with chronic renal disease?

Which condition necessitates emergency intervention?

______________ is characterized by insufficient production of adrenal steroids.

Which term describes an opposite condition to anemia?

All are clinical features of gigantism except one. Which is the exception?

Elevated blood levels of calcium, low levels of blood phosphorus, and abnormal bone metabolism are characteristic of which endocrine disorder?

Which vitaminis needed for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis and, when lacking, affects the development of rapidly dividing cells in bone marrow and epithelium?

Type A hemophilia is caused by a deficiency of factor _____.

Quiz 9: Oral Manifestations of Systemic Diseases

The red blood cells appear __________ and __________ in cases of iron deficiency anemia.

Diabetes is characterized by abnormally high blood _________ levels.

A platelet count of less than ________/mm3 is considered thrombocytopenia.

Iron deficiency anemia may first result in loss of __________ papillae on the dorsum of the tongue because these papillae have the highest metabolic requirement.

The Schilling test detects an inability to absorb an oral dose of vitamin _____.

___________________ is an autosomal-dominant inherited disorder of platelet function.

The production of adrenal steroids is normally stimulated by release of ___________ hormone from the pituitary gland.

All terms describe a decrease in circulating red or white blood cells except one. Which is the exception?

All statements are true regarding type 2 diabetes mellitus except one. Which is the exception?

Myxedema is caused by _____________ of the ____________ gland.

Which system consists of a group of integrated glands and cells that secrete hormones?

Plummer-Vinson syndrome can develop as a result of long-standing __________ anemia.

Which type of hyperparathyroidism is the result of an overproduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in response to long-term decreased levels of serum calcium often associated with chronic renal disease?

Which condition necessitates emergency intervention?

______________ is characterized by insufficient production of adrenal steroids.

Which term describes an opposite condition to anemia?

All are clinical features of gigantism except one. Which is the exception?

Elevated blood levels of calcium, low levels of blood phosphorus, and abnormal bone metabolism are characteristic of which endocrine disorder?

Which vitamin is needed for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis and, when lacking, affects the development of rapidly dividing cells in bone marrow and epithelium?

Type A hemophilia is caused by a deficiency of factor _____.

The red blood cells appear and in cases of iron deficiency anemia.

A platelet count of less than ________/mm³ is considered thrombocytopenia.

Myxedema is caused by _ of the gland.

Which vitaminis needed for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis and, when lacking, affects the development of rapidly dividing cells in bone marrow and epithelium?